中小型mysql数据库的备份与恢复

#转载请联系

• 备份到桌面

cd /home/chichung/Desktop  # 切换到桌面
mysqldump -u root -p db_jingdong>jd.sql  # 重定向写入

jd.sql里面是什么东西呢？我们打开看看

-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.7.23, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: db_jingdong
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version    5.7.23-0ubuntu0.16.04.1

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `goods`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `goods`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `goods` (
  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(150) NOT NULL,
  `cate_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `brand_name` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `price` decimal(10,3) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.000',
  `is_show` bit(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT b'',
  `is_saleoff` bit(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT b'',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `cate_id` (`cate_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `goods_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`cate_id`) REFERENCES `goods_cates` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=22 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `goods`
--

LOCK TABLES `goods` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `goods` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `goods` VALUES (1,'r510vc 15.6英寸笔记本',1,'华硕',3399.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(2,'y400n 14.0英寸笔记本电脑',1,'联想',4999.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(3,'g150th 15.6英寸游戏本',2,'雷神',8499.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(4,'x550cc 15.6英寸笔记本',1,'华硕',2799.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(5,'x240 超极本',3,'联想',4880.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(6,'u330p 13.3英寸超极本',3,'联想',4299.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(7,'svp13226scb 触控超极本',3,'索尼',7999.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(8,'ipad mini 7.9英寸平板电脑',4,'苹果',1998.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(9,'ipad air 9.7英寸平板电脑',4,'苹果',3388.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(10,'ipad mini 配备 retina 显示屏',4,'苹果',2788.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(11,'ideacentre c340 20英寸一体电脑 ',5,'联想',3499.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(12,'vostro 3800-r1206 台式电脑',5,'戴尔',2899.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(13,'imac me086ch/a 21.5英寸一体电脑',5,'苹果',9188.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(14,'at7-7414lp 台式电脑 linux ）',5,'宏碁',3699.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(15,'z220sff f4f06pa工作站',6,'惠普',4288.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(16,'poweredge ii服务器',6,'戴尔',5388.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(17,'mac pro专业级台式电脑',6,'苹果',28888.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(18,'hmz-t3w 头戴显示设备',7,'索尼',6999.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(19,'商务双肩背包',7,'索尼',99.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(20,'x3250 m4机架式服务器',6,'ibm',6888.000,_binary '',_binary '\0'),(21,'商务双肩背包',7,'索尼',99.000,_binary '',_binary '\0');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `goods` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

--
-- Table structure for table `goods_cates`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `goods_cates`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `goods_cates` (
  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=13 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `goods_cates`
--

LOCK TABLES `goods_cates` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `goods_cates` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `goods_cates` VALUES (1,'笔记本'),(2,'游戏本'),(3,'超级本'),(4,'平板电脑'),(5,'台式机'),(6,'服务器/工作站'),(7,'笔记本配件'),(12,'游戏机');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `goods_cates` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2018-09-06 11:07:48

可以见到，原来备份的是该数据库的SQL语句。所以mysqldump是一个逻辑备份，他备份的是SQL语句，所以不适合大型数据库使用。（大型数据库备份的SQL语句，上百万条，插入插到什么时候......）比较适合中小型数据库使用。同时，mysqldump备份在数据库工作的状态就可以进行备份，所以是热备份。

• 恢复数据到数据库

如果你看了上面导出的SQL语句，你会发现并没有创建数据库的语句。所以在恢复数据之前，你需要创建一个数据库！

进入mysql创建一个数据库，test;

mysql -u -p test<jd.sql;