OpenXML_导入Excel到数据库

(1).实现功能：通过前台选择.xlsx文件的Excel，将其文件转化为DataTable和List集合

(2).开发环境：Window7旗舰版+vs2013+Mvc4.0

(2).在使用中需要用到的包和dll

　 1.用NuGet引入OpenXML包【全名叫DocumentFormat.OpenXml】=》注意：现在导入的Excel只支持.xlsx结尾的Excel，若导入.xls结尾的则会出现【文件包含损坏的数据】的错误！

　 2.WindowsBase.dll

(3).MVC中通过file选择文件并用submit提交到Controller方法如下：

3.1：前台代码

　　<form action="Home/FileUpload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
 　　   <div style="width:100%;height:auto;background-color:#808080">
   　　     <input id="uploadfile" type="file" name="file" />
  　　      <input type="submit" value="上传Excel" />
 　　   </div>
　　</form>

3.2：Controller代码

        /// <summary>
        /// form提交回的Action
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public ActionResult FileUpload()
        {
            //1.假设选择一个Excel文件  获取第一个Excel文件
            var stream = Request.Files[0].InputStream;
            //2.将选择的文件转换为DataTable
            var rst = new StreamToDataTable().ReadExcel(stream);
            //3.将DataTable转换为List集合
            var list = this.TableToLists(rst);
            return View();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 加载Excel数据
        /// </summary>
        public List<ExcelImport> TableToLists(System.Data.DataTable table)
        {
            TBToList<ExcelImport> tables = new TBToList<ExcelImport>();
            var lists = tables.ToList(table);
            return lists;
        }

(4).Excel流组织成Datatable方法实现

 public class StreamToDataTable
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Excel流组织成Datatable
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="stream">Excel文件流</param>
        /// <returns>DataTable</returns>
        public DataTable ReadExcel(Stream stream)
        {
            using (SpreadsheetDocument document = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(stream, false))     //若导入.xls格式的Excel则会出现【文件包含损坏的数据】的错误！
            {
                //打开Stream
                IEnumerable<Sheet> sheets = document.WorkbookPart.Workbook.Descendants<Sheet>();
                if (sheets.Count() == 0)
                {//找出符合条件的sheet，没有则返回
                    return null;
                }

                WorksheetPart worksheetPart = (WorksheetPart)document.WorkbookPart.GetPartById(sheets.First().Id);
                //获取Excel中共享数据
                SharedStringTable stringTable = document.WorkbookPart.SharedStringTablePart.SharedStringTable;
                IEnumerable<Row> rows = worksheetPart.Worksheet.Descendants<Row>();//得到Excel中得数据行

                DataTable dt = new DataTable("Excel");
                //因为需要将数据导入到DataTable中，所以我们假定Excel的第一行是列名，从第二行开始是行数据
                foreach (Row row in rows)
                {
                    if (row.RowIndex == 1)
                    {
                        //Excel第一行为列名
                        GetDataColumn(row, stringTable, ref dt);
                    }
                    GetDataRow(row, stringTable, ref dt);//Excel第二行同时为DataTable的第一行数据
                }
                return dt;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据给定的Excel流组织成Datatable
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="stream">Excel文件流</param>
        /// <param name="sheetName">需要读取的Sheet</param>
        /// <returns>组织好的DataTable</returns>
        public DataTable ReadExcelBySheetName(string sheetName, Stream stream)
        {
            using (SpreadsheetDocument document = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(stream, false))
            {//打开Stream
                IEnumerable<Sheet> sheets = document.WorkbookPart.Workbook.Descendants<Sheet>().Where(s => s.Name == sheetName);
                if (sheets.Count() == 0)
                {//找出符合条件的sheet，没有则返回
                    return null;
                }

                WorksheetPart worksheetPart = (WorksheetPart)document.WorkbookPart.GetPartById(sheets.First().Id);

                //获取Excel中共享数据
                SharedStringTable stringTable = document.WorkbookPart.SharedStringTablePart.SharedStringTable;
                IEnumerable<Row> rows = worksheetPart.Worksheet.Descendants<Row>();//得到Excel中得数据行

                DataTable dt = new DataTable("Excel");
                //因为需要将数据导入到DataTable中，所以我们假定Excel的第一行是列名，从第二行开始是行数据
                foreach (Row row in rows)
                {
                    if (row.RowIndex == 1)
                    {
                        //Excel第一行为列名
                        GetDataColumn(row, stringTable, ref dt);
                    }
                    GetDataRow(row, stringTable, ref dt);//Excel第二行同时为DataTable的第一行数据
                }
                return dt;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 构建DataTable的列
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="row">OpenXML定义的Row对象</param>
        /// <param name="stringTablePart"></param>
        /// <param name="dt">需要返回的DataTable对象</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public void GetDataColumn(Row row, SharedStringTable stringTable, ref DataTable dt)
        {
            DataColumn col = new DataColumn();
            foreach (Cell cell in row)
            {
                string cellVal = GetValue(cell, stringTable);
                col = new DataColumn(cellVal);
                dt.Columns.Add(col);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 构建DataTable的每一行数据，并返回该Datatable
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="row">OpenXML的行</param>
        /// <param name="stringTablePart"></param>
        /// <param name="dt">DataTable</param>
        private void GetDataRow(Row row, SharedStringTable stringTable, ref DataTable dt)
        {
            // 读取算法：按行逐一读取单元格，如果整行均是空数据
            // 则忽略改行（因为本人的工作内容不需要空行）-_-
            DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
            int i = 0;
            int nullRowCount = i;
            foreach (Cell cell in row)
            {
                string cellVal = GetValue(cell, stringTable);
                if (cellVal == string.Empty)
                {
                    nullRowCount++;
                }
                dr[i] = cellVal;
                i++;
            }
            if (nullRowCount != i)
            {
                dt.Rows.Add(dr);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取单元格的值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cell"></param>
        /// <param name="stringTablePart"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string GetValue(Cell cell, SharedStringTable stringTable)
        {
            //由于Excel的数据存储在SharedStringTable中，需要获取数据在SharedStringTable 中的索引
            string value = string.Empty;
            try
            {
                if (cell.ChildElements.Count == 0)
                    return value;

                value = double.Parse(cell.CellValue.InnerText).ToString();

                if ((cell.DataType != null) && (cell.DataType == CellValues.SharedString))
                {
                    value = stringTable.ChildElements[Int32.Parse(value)].InnerText;
                }
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                value = "N/A";
            }
            return value;
        }

    }

(5).Datatable组织为List方法实现

 public class TBToList<T> where T : new()
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取列名集合
        /// </summary>
        private IList<string> GetColumnNames(DataColumnCollection dcc)
        {
            IList<string> list = new List<string>();
            foreach (DataColumn dc in dcc)
            {
                list.Add(dc.ColumnName);
            }
            return list;
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///属性名称和类型名的键值对集合
        /// </summary>
        private Hashtable GetColumnType(DataColumnCollection dcc)
        {
            if (dcc == null || dcc.Count == 0)
            {
                return null;
            }
            IList<string> colNameList = GetColumnNames(dcc);

            Type t = typeof(T);
            PropertyInfo[] properties = t.GetProperties();
            Hashtable hashtable = new Hashtable();
            int i = 0;
            if (properties.Length == colNameList.Count)
            {
                foreach (PropertyInfo p in properties)
                {
                    foreach (string col in colNameList)
                    {
                        if (!hashtable.Contains(col))
                        {
                            hashtable.Add(col, p.PropertyType.ToString() + i++);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return hashtable;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// DataTable转换成IList
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dt"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public List<T> ToList(DataTable dt)
        {
            if (dt == null || dt.Rows.Count == 0)
            {
                return null;
            }

            PropertyInfo[] properties = typeof(T).GetProperties();//获取实体类型的属性集合
            Hashtable hh = GetColumnType(dt.Columns);//属性名称和类型名的键值对集合
            IList<string> colNames = GetColumnNames(hh);//按照属性顺序的列名集合
            List<T> list = new List<T>();
            T model = default(T);
            foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
            {
                model = new T();//创建实体
                int i = 0;
                foreach (PropertyInfo p in properties)
                {
                    if (p.PropertyType == typeof(string))
                    {
                        p.SetValue(model, dr[colNames[i++]], null);
                    }
                    else if (p.PropertyType == typeof(int))
                    {
                        p.SetValue(model, int.Parse(dr[colNames[i++]].ToString()), null);
                    }
                    else if (p.PropertyType == typeof(DateTime))
                    {
                        p.SetValue(model, DateTime.Parse(dr[colNames[i++]].ToString()), null);
                    }
                    else if (p.PropertyType == typeof(float))
                    {
                        p.SetValue(model, float.Parse(dr[colNames[i++]].ToString()), null);
                    }
                    else if (p.PropertyType == typeof(double))
                    {
                        p.SetValue(model, double.Parse(dr[colNames[i++]].ToString()), null);
                    }
                }
                list.Add(model);
            }
            return list;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 按照属性顺序的列名集合
        /// </summary>
        private IList<string> GetColumnNames(Hashtable hh)
        {
            PropertyInfo[] properties = typeof(T).GetProperties();//获取实体类型的属性集合
            IList<string> ilist = new List<string>();
            int i = 0;
            foreach (PropertyInfo p in properties)
            {
                ilist.Add(GetKey(p.PropertyType.ToString() + i++, hh));
            }
            return ilist;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据Value查找Key
        /// </summary>
        private string GetKey(string val, Hashtable tb)
        {
            foreach (DictionaryEntry de in tb)
            {
                if (de.Value.ToString() == val)
                {
                    return de.Key.ToString();
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
    }

(6).既然List集合都得到了，那么导入数据到数据库中那也不是什么难事了.......