LNNVL函数使用

显示那些佣金比例（commision）不大于20%或者为NULL的员工的信息。

CREATE TABLE plch_employees
(
    employee_id      INTEGER PRIMARY KEY
,  last_name        VARCHAR2 (100)
,  salary           NUMBER
,  commission_pct   NUMBER
);
INSERT INTO plch_employees   VALUES (100,  'Picasso',  1000000 ,  .3);
INSERT INTO plch_employees VALUES (200,  'Mondrian',  1000000,  .15);
INSERT INTO plch_employeesVALUES (300,  'O''Keefe',  1000000,  NULL);
COMMIT;

SQL> SELECT last_name,e.salary,e.commission_pct
       FROM plch_employees e
      WHERE e.commission_pct <= .2
         OR e.commission_pct IS NULL;
LAST_NAME           SALARY COMMISSION_PCT
--------------- ---------- --------------
Mondrian           1000000            .15
O'Keefe            1000000

SQL> SELECT last_name,e.salary,e.commission_pct
       FROM plch_employees e
     WHERE LNNVL (e.commission_pct > .2);
LAST_NAME           SALARY COMMISSION_PCT
--------------- ---------- --------------
Mondrian           1000000            .15
O'Keefe            1000000

LNNVL 解释：

LNNVL provides a concise way to evaluate a condition when one or both operands of the condition may be null. The function can be used only in the WHERE clause of a query. It takes as an argument a condition and returns TRUE if the condition is FALSE or UNKNOWN and FALSE if the condition is TRUE. LNNVL can be used anywhere a scalar expression can appear, even in contexts where the IS [NOT] NULL, AND, or OR conditions are not valid but would otherwise be required to account for potential nulls. Oracle Database sometimes uses the LNNVL function internally in this way to rewrite NOT IN conditions as NOT EXISTS conditions. In such cases, output from EXPLAIN PLAN shows this operation in the plan table output. The condition can evaluate any scalar values but cannot be a compound condition containing AND, OR, or BETWEEN.

The table that follows shows what LNNVL returns given that a = 2 and b is null.

Condition	Truth of Condition	LNNVL Return Value
a = 1	FALSE	TRUE
a = 2	TRUE	FALSE
a IS NULL	FALSE	TRUE
b = 1	UNKNOWN	TRUE
b IS NULL	TRUE	FALSE
a = b	UNKNOWN	TRUE

大致的意思是：lnnvl用于某个语句的where子句中的条件，如果条件为true就返回false；如果条件为UNKNOWN或者false就返回true。该函数不能用于复合条件如AND, OR, or BETWEEN中。