自动化测试===requests+unittest+postman的接口测试

• postman是一个跨平台的接口测试工具，下载链接在这里：https://www.getpostman.com/

• unittest是一个单元测试框架，python中安装：pip install unittest

• requests是一个发送http请求的库，安装：pip install requests

　　官方文档：http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/user/quickstart/，

　　中文文档：http://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html

以测试http://www.kuaidi100.com/query 为例：

有一个汇通快递的单号：350757819118

请求的url为http://www.kuaidi100.com/query?type=huitongkuaidi&postid=350757819118

用postman调试接口：

点击右上角的code，如下图：

以python--requests的格式复制：

复制得到的代码如下：

import requests

url = "http://www.kuaidi100.com/query"

querystring = {"type":"huitongkuaidi","postid":""}

headers = {
    'cache-control': "no-cache",
    'postman-token': "9794775a-f3eb-0322-1365-01b775fa9925"
    }

response = requests.request("GET", url, headers=headers, params=querystring)

print(response.text)

新建py文件，命名为kuaidi.py，对复制的代码稍作调整：

import requests
import unittest

class KuaiDi(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_huitong_api(self):
        url = "http://www.kuaidi100.com/query"
        querystring = {"type":"huitongkuaidi","postid":""}
        headers = {
        'cache-control': "no-cache",
        'postman-token': "9794775a-f3eb-0322-1365-01b775fa9925"
        }
        response = requests.request("GET", url, headers=headers, params=querystring).json()
        #print(response)
        self.assertEqual(response['status'],'')    #断言
        self.assertEqual(response['message'],'ok')    #断言

if  __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

运行结果：

举例测试：

import requests
import json
import unittest
import time
from HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner  

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        print("[+]start")

    def tearDown(self):
        print("[+]end")

    def zhongtong(self,type = "zhongtong", id = ""):
        self.url = "http://www.kuaidi100.com/query"
        self.params = {
        "type":type,
        "postid":id
        }
        self.headers={'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}
        r = requests.get(url = self.url, params = self.params , headers = self.headers)
        print(r.status_code)
        return r

class ExpressInquiry(MyTest):
    def test001_type_valid(self):
        print("")
        zhongtong = self.zhongtong(type = "shentong")
        self.assertIn("快递公司参数异常",zhongtong.text)

    def test002_type_invalid(self):
        print("")
        zhongtong = self.zhongtong(type = "sssssssssssss")
        self.assertIn("参数错误",zhongtong.text)

    def test003_id_valid(self):
        print("")
        id = self.zhongtong(id = "")
        self.assertIn("交通工程学院菜鸟驿站",id.text)

    def test004_id_invalid(self):
        print("")
        id = self.zhongtong(id = "")
        self.assertIn("参数错误",id.text)

    def test005_type_id_invalid(self):
        print("")
        type_and_id = self.zhongtong(type = "dads",id = "")
        #print(type_and_id.url)
        #print(type_and_id.text)
        self.assertIn("参数错误",type_and_id.text)

    def test006_type_id_null(self):
        print("")
        null = self.zhongtong(type = "", id = "")
        #print(null.url)
        #print(null.text)
        self.assertIn("参数错误",null.text)

def suite():
    now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")
    filename = './' + now + 'test_result.html'
    fp = open(filename,'wb')
    runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream = fp,
                                   title = "快递查询接口测试报告",
                                   description = "测试用例执行情况：")

    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
    suite.addTest(ExpressInquiry("test001_type_valid"))
    suite.addTest(ExpressInquiry("test002_type_invalid"))
    suite.addTest(ExpressInquiry("test003_id_valid"))
    suite.addTest(ExpressInquiry("test004_id_invalid"))
    suite.addTest(ExpressInquiry("test005_type_id_invalid"))
    suite.addTest(ExpressInquiry("test006_type_id_null"))
    #unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite)

    runner.run(suite)
    fp.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    #unittest.main(exit = False , verbosity = 2)
    #它是全局方法，把它屏蔽后，不在suite的用例就不会跑，exit = False表示中间有用例失败也继续执行；还有比较常用的verbosity=2，表示显示def名字

    suite()

 总结：

postman可以帮助完成一半的工作

unittest+requests可以实现断言，方便持续集成