python爬取京东评论

一.分析

1.找到京东商品评论所在位置(记得点击商品评论，否则找不到productPageComments.action)

 2.解析文件

打开后发现是json数据，但不是那么规范，所以需要去点前面的字符串和括号，还有最后一行的分号和括号

3.放到json解析器可以看到数据的结构

4.解析网址

里面的参数：

productid：产品id；不同的id不同的商品

score：0是全部评论，1是差评，2是中评，3是好评，4是晒图评价，5是追平

page：页数，评论较多的最多显示100页，虽然评论是20万+，但是也只能爬取一百页

所以根据更改page可以爬取多个页面评论

5.爬取多个商品

要爬取多个商品就要多个productid，所以就要去找它

通过搜索xxxx，可以在search中找到sku_id,将它解析出来即可，同上

 二.编写爬虫代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import gzip
import urllib.request
import json
import time
import random
import demjson as dj
import requests
import itertools

headers = {
    "Cookie": "__jdu=1507876332; shshshfpa=2ea021ee-52dd-c54e-1be1-f5aa9e333af2-1640075639; areaId=5; PCSYCityID=CN_0_0_0; shshshfpb=n7UymiTWOsGPvQfCup%2B3J1g%3D%3D; ipLoc-djd=5-142-42547-54561; jwotest_product=99; pinId=S4TjgVP4kjjnul02leqp07V9-x-f3wj7; pin=jd_60a1ab2940be3; unick=jd_60a1ab2940be3; ceshi3.com=000; _tp=672TNfWmOtaDFuqCPQqYycXMpi6F%2BRiwrhIuumNmoJ4%3D; _pst=jd_60a1ab2940be3; __jdc=122270672; shshshfp=4e8d45f57897e469586da47a0016f20e; ip_cityCode=142; CCC_SE=ADC_rzqTR2%2bUDTtHDYjJdX25PEGvHsBpPY%2bC9pRDVdNK7pU%2fwikRihpN3XEXZ1cn4Jd4w5OWdpJuduhBFwUvdeB6X1VFb7eIZkqL0OJvBn9RB6AJYo4An%2fGTiU%2b8rvqQwYxBI4QCM8a9w9kYQczygSjPxPjn1pbQLtBgo%2fzKBhwfKhAWs563NfBjmnRlkGHPX6E7jy6%2fEdfEhtkNSTCQod238cEpUFpKiQ%2bWV%2bW8MiaL3ti7d7ozdlNbZ03ylqRbI1XrXylDiqzW%2b2uALhF5H1eHuk3yH3t4ojXZmRbDy3k2OoZFk%2bcmrXD0eWhcIaD5RnhHbToYLuX%2byx7otaPuemTVAG4Z7CSyEfmUBAj7QuGmHg647a7KuoaR3hoCvxj%2f3woXdd2H9b40oqmJ5PO958Z1g%2fr7Jbk8a5w2CU547IaXRzakehLhW9xzG57Ak0Jhv85Jlt9A5N6hl%2ft4DSAwh%2bGhwg%3d%3d; unpl=JF8EAJJnNSttDBxWAxxSEkUVQg4EW1QKTx9TazcCAV8KSFICE1FIF0N7XlVdXhRKFR9vYhRUW1NPVA4ZBysSEXteVV1YCE0TAGlnNWRtW0tkBCsCHxMWQltTXF8LeycDZ2M1VFxZSlYGHQEbEBBCbWRbXQlKFQBpYQVQbVl7VTVZbEJTDBkCBxNdDEoRCmlgB1ZeaEpkBg; JSESSIONID=347F847A6818E35675648739BD4BA9FF.s1; __jda=122270672.1507876332.1640075637.1647251498.1647261295.13; thor=8D225D1673AA75681B9D3811417B0D325568BB2DD7F2729798D3AECF0428F59F7C70EA7504347F8E059F895AEE7D6E2662F565665845F0D94F2D7D56739CF3BC2B15F5F6E2ADDB891DDA80A9E9F88B7BA0BA95147512F78D28D8095E52379AB78550E451558DB6595C2270A1D5CFA2E211FF20F22ADA1987C6AE9E864DA6A7364D5BFD3EE08DA597D2EF2B37444CFD7A47134EFFD71B3A70B0C8BD55D51F274F; token=397b2c7c58f4021bbe9a9bbe9eeda694,3,915145; __tk=46fbcc7e51f75824dcdc2e8820904365,3,915145; shshshsID=5c5095f0b5728a839c0397308d625da5_1_1647261360535; __jdb=122270672.2.1507876332|13.1647261295; __jdv=122270672|jd.idey.cn|t_2024175271_|tuiguang|ef376a8f48ba48359a5a6d3c2769bb4b|1647261360584; 3AB9D23F7A4B3C9B=24HI5ARAA3SK7RJERTWUDZKA2NYJIXX3ING24VG466VC3ANKUALJLLD7VBYLQ3QPRYUSO3R6QBJYLVTVXBDIGJLGBA",
    "Accept": "*/*",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6",
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36 Edg/99.0.1150.39"
}
headers2 = {
    "accept": "*/*",
    "accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
    "accept-language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6",
    "cookie": "__jdu=1507876332; shshshfpa=2ea021ee-52dd-c54e-1be1-f5aa9e333af2-1640075639; areaId=5; PCSYCityID=CN_0_0_0; ipLoc-djd=5-142-42547-54561; pinId=S4TjgVP4kjjnul02leqp07V9-x-f3wj7; pin=jd_60a1ab2940be3; unick=jd_60a1ab2940be3; _tp=672TNfWmOtaDFuqCPQqYycXMpi6F%2BRiwrhIuumNmoJ4%3D; _pst=jd_60a1ab2940be3; user-key=a2aaf011-2c1e-4dea-bf76-3392d16b1fb1; __jdc=122270672; wlfstk_smdl=jlwwba2gmccq62touff9evvbp3fk8gbr; ceshi3.com=000; shshshfp=4e8d45f57897e469586da47a0016f20e; ip_cityCode=142; shshshfpb=n7UymiTWOsGPvQfCup%2B3J1g%3D%3D; joyya=1647305570.1647305909.27.0kop377; __jda=122270672.1507876332.1640075637.1647314039.1647318046.22; token=d5899471c4530886f6a9658cbea3ca94,3,915176; __tk=1570759a7dd1a720b0db2dec5df8d044,3,915176; CCC_SE=ADC_Wj0UWzuXioxsiUvbIxw9PbW9q011vNMASHkfjXFO%2fZlkeGDtZUHe5qgaEpWv8RDEkCruGSGmCItsvHjIZ3aHbh9heUjNIZh6WZl9ZDfDokk66kRX6I%2by%2bDsdf4JtPOQUuULSsWOA%2fcDyP7Bb91YuHOwNnciLtS97UIKO7XA5sAd34Rf4XDKijy6Fw1DFTx%2b7izzme6YALuLp9Y%2bByC6aUTDzU9te7g1BZXPXtfGGwqu52ZVkdVId2jpxPnhX24fFD9WI9aX1qgswZ1PPZSGYKswUkqXhIf2S9aLFkjXW2n61LVzw2ZeqJRQI8QIcmi%2fF7WHOHLbWScnKwG594WIk0SRiCa0n2aEJAhVlXmzEE%2f5%2f%2bXWsKhlneTLduVs52ST5m96zdx%2bLnNGgDERqznFNu3AT5zvLcN0PyVq08n4keSv2ngLLTZK4QQJslS4he9MT3XJoEUfe9L8beZNh1239eLHYF6w4KWMCWWTfwxdCUOY%3d; unpl=JF8EAJZnNSttDEhSAkwDE0dEGAoEWw8LSh9TbjRVXV5QHFIDGwMfGhd7XlVdXhRKFR9vYxRUXlNIUw4ZBysSEXteVV1YCE0TAGlnNWRtW0tkBCsCHxMWQltTXF8LeycDZ2M1VFxZSlYGGwcTEhhObWRbXQlKFQBpYQVQbVl7VTVNbBsTEUpcVVteDENaA2tmA11bX0lWBisDKxE; __jdv=122270672|jd.idey.cn|t_2024175271_|tuiguang|e276f09debfa4c209a0ba829f7710596|1647318395561; thor=8D225D1673AA75681B9D3811417B0D325568BB2DD7F2729798D3AECF0428F59F4C39726C44E930AA2DD868FC4BCA33EA0D52228F39A68FC9F5C1157433CAACF1110B20B6975502864453B70E6B21C0ED165B733359002643CD05BDBA37E4A673AF38CC827B6013BCB5961ADA022E57DB6811E99E10E9C4E6410D844CD129071F7646EC7CE120A0B3D2F768020B044A010452D9F8ABD67A59D41880DD1991935C; 3AB9D23F7A4B3C9B=24HI5ARAA3SK7RJERTWUDZKA2NYJIXX3ING24VG466VC3ANKUALJLLD7VBYLQ3QPRYUSO3R6QBJYLVTVXBDIGJLGBA; __jdb=122270672.5.1507876332|22.1647318046; shshshsID=d7a96097b296c895558adfd840546a72_5_1647318650562",
    "referer": "https://search.jd.com/"
}

def crawlProductComment(url):
    # 读取原始数据
    try:
        req = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers2).text
        reqs = req.replace("fetchJSON_comment98(", "").strip(');')
        print(reqs)
        jsondata = json.loads(reqs)
        # 遍历商品评论列表
        comments = jsondata['comments']
        return comments
    except IOError:
        print("Error: gbk不合适")


def getProduct(url):
    # 爬取商品id
    ids = []
    req = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers2).text
    reqs = req.replace("jQuery1544821(", "").strip(')')
    jsondata = json.loads(reqs)['291']# 解析文件
    for i in range(0, len(jsondata)):
        ids.append(jsondata[i]['sku_id'])
    print(ids)
    return ids


# 将productid写成list形式
ids = []
for i in range(0,10):
    product_id = getProduct(
        "https://search-x.jd.com/Search?callback=jQuery1544821&area=5&enc=utf-8&keyword=%E7%94%B7%E5%A3%AB%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E9%9E%8B&adType=7&page="+str(i)+"&ad_ids=291%3A33&xtest=new_search&_=1647325621019")
    time.sleep(random.randint(1, 3))
    ids.append(product_id)

data = []
count = 0
# 去除重复productid，加快爬虫速度
for k in list(set(itertools.chain.from_iterable(ids))):
    for i in range(0, 100):
        # 通过更改page参数的值来循环读取多页评论信息
        url = 'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?callback=fetchJSON_comment98&productId=' + str(
            k) + '&score=1&sortType=5&page=' \
              + str(i) + '&pageSize=10&isShadowSku=0&fold=1'
        comments = crawlProductComment(url)
        if len(comments) <= 0:
            break
        print(comments)
        data.extend(comments)
        # 设置休眠时间
        time.sleep(random.randint(1, 5))
        print('-------', i)

    print("这是第{}类商品".format(count))
　　 # 每爬取一个商品就保存一个文件，防止爬虫中途中断（不建议使用追加，因为不同商品爬虫时生成的json文件有多个中括号，不适合解析）
    with open('data2/shoes'+str(count)+'.json', 'w+', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
    count += 1

# 保存为最终文件
with open('data/shoes_all.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)

三.爬虫结果：

结果以json形式输出，之后需要什么数据，直接解析即可

 [{
        "id": 16517111016,
        "guid": "742b5c0124eb4da7c673f0405cd9b512",
        "content": "上个月买了同款网眼的，穿的非常舒服，看到有冬款又买了，做工和穿着舒适度没得说！款式与某国外品牌类似！但价格相差十万八千里！",
        "creationTime": "2021-10-25 18:25:44",
        "isDelete": false,
        "isTop": false,
        "userImageUrl": "storage.360buyimg.com/i.imageUpload/6a645f3532393535313732373035373831343931363631383932333836_sma.jpg",
        "topped": 0,
        "replyCount": 0,
        "score": 5,
        "imageStatus": 1,
        "usefulVoteCount": 0,
        "userClient": 4,
        "discussionId": 983275343,
        "imageCount": 4,
        "anonymousFlag": 1,
        "plusAvailable": 201,
        "mobileVersion": "10.2.0",
        "images": [
            {
                "id": 1577587353,
                "imgUrl": "//img30.360buyimg.com/n0/s128x96_jfs/t1/135814/13/20705/98256/61768626E72015f0f/167476690ac02dea.jpg",
                "imgTitle": "",
                "status": 0
            },
            {
                "id": 1577587354,
                "imgUrl": "//img30.360buyimg.com/n0/s128x96_jfs/t1/162488/7/27962/106230/61768627Ed0036d75/6e6987536e0bc545.jpg",
                "imgTitle": "",
                "status": 0
            },
            {
                "id": 1577587355,
                "imgUrl": "//img30.360buyimg.com/n0/s128x96_jfs/t1/156456/26/25453/120365/61768627E7cb4ead7/4030e3fe60102e8d.jpg",
                "imgTitle": "",
                "status": 0
            },
            {
                "id": 1577587356,
                "imgUrl": "//img30.360buyimg.com/n0/s128x96_jfs/t1/200969/9/13143/81333/61768628E2433528c/8a7607cae7c80ce4.jpg",
                "imgTitle": "",
                "status": 0
            }
        ],
        "mergeOrderStatus": 2,
        "productColor": "黑色竖口系带",
        "productSize": "39",
        "textIntegral": 40,
        "imageIntegral": 40,
        "status": 1,
        "referenceId": "30424977080",
        "referenceTime": "2021-10-08 21:17:48",
        "nickname": "****3",
        "replyCount2": 0,
        "userImage": "storage.360buyimg.com/i.imageUpload/6a645f3532393535313732373035373831343931363631383932333836_sma.jpg",
        "orderId": 0,
        "integral": 80,
        "productSales": "[]",
        "referenceImage": "jfs/t1/130672/22/26171/157596/622e31d5E051db120/2c09c9b8c5711f0b.jpg",
        "referenceName": "金利来男鞋休闲运动皮鞋真皮软底英伦鞋子潮流户外旅游鞋波鞋男运动鞋 黑色竖口系带 41",
        "firstCategory": 11729,
        "secondCategory": 11730,
        "thirdCategory": 6908,
        "aesPin": null,
        "days": 17,
        "afterDays": 0
    }]