Oracle课程档案，第十四天

备份数据文件：
SQL> select file_id, file_name from dba_data_files; backup：备用（备份） datafile：数据文件 backup tablespace：备份表空间 backup database：备份数据库
RMAN> backup datafile 4;
RMAN> backup datafile 4, 5;
RMAN> backup datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf';
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> backup tablespace users, example; 逗号分隔
RMAN> backup database;
RMAN> list backup;
desc v$backup_set，浏览器查看备份

增量备份：
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 tablespace users; incremental：增量的 level固定的后面一定要跟上
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t1 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;
SQL> create table t2(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t2 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

增量更新：
SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t1 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover（恢复） of copy with tag（标签） 'update_copy' tablespace users; 第一次创建的是0级备份
RMAN> list（名单） copy; 记录time和scn
SQL> insert into t1 values (2);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag 'update_copy' tablespace users; 第2次创建的是1级备份
RMAN> list backup; backupset格式
RMAN> recover copy of tablespace users with tag 'update_copy';
RMAN> list copy; time和scn更新
脚本形式：
RMAN> run {
backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag 'update_copy' tablespace users;
recover copy of tablespace users with tag 'update_copy';
}

备份归档日志：
RMAN> list archivelog all;
RMAN> backup archivelog all delete all input;
RMAN> list archivelog all;
RMAN> list backup;

查看：
RMAN> list backup; 查看的是备份集
RMAN> list copy; 查看的是镜像拷贝
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;
RMAN> list archivelog all; 查看所有归档日志
检查备份：
RMAN> delete backup; 删除备份 show all：查看RMAN各种配置 report：报告
RMAN> delete copy;
RMAN> list backup; list copy;
RMAN> report need backup; 根据策略检查
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> report need backup;
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;
RMAN> report need backup;
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY clear;
RMAN> report obsolete; 冗余>1的 删除
删除备份：
RMAN> delete backupset of tablespace users; 指定编号的删除 不要直接删除
RMAN> delete backupset 1234;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> show all;
RMAN> delete obsolete;
crosscheck:
RMAN> delete backup;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 改名
RMAN> restore datafile 4; 报错
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 报废状态
RMAN> list expired backup;
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 恢复原名
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 可用状态
RMAN> delete expired backup;
catalog:
$ cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 复制
RMAN> delete backup;
RMAN> list backup; backupset消失
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 恢复原名
RMAN> catalog recovery area noprompt;
RMAN> list backup; backupset恢复