阿里云+django实战记录

2013年7月13日10:36:53：接上篇，bae部署django没成功，转战阿里云。。

阿里云服务器最便宜69/月，现在有个活动，新用户送20元现金券，我就花了RMB 49买了一个，操作系统选的是ubuntu1204安全加强版。

1.putty登陆远程主机

putty下载地址：http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.zip，解压后直接运行putty.exe即可。

2.Xftp与远程主机传文件

Xftp下载地址http://www.onlinedown.net/soft/143.htm

以上两步看aliyun的帮助文档即可，easy，http://help.aliyun.com/manual?spm=0.0.0.0.ZERNiU&helpId=1846

3.安装apache+mysql+python+django

管理mysql就用phpmyadmin了，这样就得再装个php，命令如下

apt-get install apache2 php5 libapache2-mod-php5 mysql-server libapache2-mod-auth-mysql php5-mysql phpmyadmin

期间要求输mysql root用户密码和phpmyadmin的登陆密码

python系统自带了。需要装python-mysqldb

apt-get install python-mysqldb 

安装一个mod_wsgi，此物就是将Python应用部署到Apache上的。

apt-get install libapache2-mod-wsgi

链接phpmyadmin

ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www/phpmyadmin

python ubuntu已经自带了，需要安装一个python-mysqldb

apt-get install python-mysqldb  

django从官网下载，我当前下载的版本是1.5.1，然后按照官网的说明安装。

重启Apache2的命令：

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

4.启动一个django站点

切换到/srv目录下，启动一个django站点

django-admin.py startproject mysite  

5. 下面是配置apache了

django官方有一篇如何配置的文档，mod_wsgi官网也有如何配置的文档。主要一点mod_wsgi有两种工作模式，嵌入到Apache和作为线程的守护模式。官方推荐用守护模式，守护模式没研究，嵌入模式最简单，先用嵌入模式。

编辑Apache的配置文件

gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

<VirtualHost *:80>
	ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

	DocumentRoot /var/www
	<Directory />
		Options FollowSymLinks
		AllowOverride None
	</Directory>
	<Directory /var/www/>
		Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
		AllowOverride None
		Order allow,deny
		allow from all
	</Directory>

	WSGIScriptAlias /app/ /srv/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py
	<Directory /srv/mysite/mysite>
		<Files wsgi.py>
		Order deny,allow
		Allow from all
		</Files>
	</Directory>

	ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

	# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
	# alert, emerg.
	LogLevel warn

	CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

    Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
    <Directory "/usr/share/doc/">
        Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Order deny,allow
        Deny from all
        Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

重点就是在原来文件的基础上增加了

WSGIScriptAlias /app/ /srv/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py
	<Directory /srv/mysite/mysite>
		<Files wsgi.py>
		Order deny,allow
		Allow from all
		</Files>
	</Directory>

还有编辑/etc/apache2/httpd.conf文件，增加下面这行

WSGIPythonPath /srv/mysite

然后重启apache服务就OK了！

此时通过浏览器访问你的云服务器主机地址xx:xx:xx:xx/app/，就可一看到django默认页面了！

6.连接数据库

编辑mysite/settings.py，修改DATABASES一项

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
        'NAME': 'db_name',                      # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
        'USER': 'root',                      # Not used with sqlite3.
        'PASSWORD': 'your_mysql_passwd',                  # Not used with sqlite3.
        'HOST': '',                      # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
        'PORT': '',                      # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
    }
}

django默认安装的应用有：

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    #'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
)

运行下面的命令，同步数据库，为默认安装的应用创建table：

python manage.py syncdb

7.创建一个app+模型

输入下面的命令，创建一个叫polls的应用

python manage.py startapp polls

接下来创建模型（models），按照django官网教程的例子，编辑polls/models.py

from django.db import models

class Poll(models.Model):
    question = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.question
class Choice(models.Model): poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll)
    choice = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField()
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.choice

这里的意思创建了两个模型：Poll、Choice。__unicode__方法是定义模型默认显示的内容。

激活模型，编辑mysite/settings.py中INSTALLED_APP，如下：

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    # 'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
    'polls',
)

同步一下数据库

python manage.py syncdb

可以在shell下输入一些python语句，为模型创建内容。进入shell环境的命令为：

python manage.py shell

例如：

>>> from polls.models import Poll, Choice   # Import the model classes we just wrote.

# No polls are in the system yet.
>>> Poll.objects.all()
[]

# Create a new Poll.
>>> from django.utils import timezone
>>> p = Poll(question="What's new?", pub_date=timezone.now())

# Save the object into the database. You have to call save() explicitly.
>>> p.save()

# Now it has an ID. Note that this might say "1L" instead of "1", depending
# on which database you're using. That's no biggie; it just means your
# database backend prefers to return integers as Python long integer
# objects.
>>> p.id
1

8.配置url+创建视图

编辑mysite/urls.py

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'simple.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^simple/', include('simple.foo.urls')),
    url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls')),

    # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
    # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),

    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

编辑polls/urls.py （此文件不存在，新建一个）

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

from polls import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^$', views.index, name='home'),
    url(r'^show/$', views.show_all, name='show'),
)   

创建views.index视图，编辑polls/views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse  

def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, world. You're at the poll index.")

此时访问主机名xx:xx:xx:xx/app/polls 就可以看到hello world视图了！

9.开启admin应用

首先编辑settings.py，打开admin应用

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
    'polls',
)

同步下数据库

python manage.py syncdb

编辑mysite/urls.py，打开admin的视图

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'simple.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^simple/', include('simple.foo.urls')),
    url(r'^$', 'polls.views.index'),
    url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls')),

    # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
    # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),

    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

设置admin的静态文件。首先编辑apache2的配置文件，让apache提供静态文件的服务。编辑完之后，需要重启apache。

<VirtualHost *:80>
	ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

	DocumentRoot /var/www
	<Directory />
		Options FollowSymLinks
		AllowOverride None
	</Directory>
	<Directory /var/www/>
		Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
		AllowOverride None
		Order allow,deny
		allow from all
	</Directory>

	AliasMatch ^/([^/]*\.css) /srv/mysite/static/styles/$1

	Alias /media/ /srv/mysite/media/
	Alias /static/ /srv/mysite/static/

	<Directory /srv/mysite/static>
		Order deny,allow
		Allow from all
	</Directory>

	<Directory /srv/mysite/media>
		Order deny,allow
		Allow from all
	</Directory>

	WSGIScriptAlias / /srv/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py
	<Directory /srv/mysite/mysite/>
		<Files wsgi.py>
		Order deny,allow
		Allow from all
		</Files>
	</Directory>

	ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

	# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
	# alert, emerg.
	LogLevel warn

	CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

    Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
    <Directory "/usr/share/doc/">
        Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Order deny,allow
        Deny from all
        Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

在/srv/mysite/下新建一个static和media文件夹，将django/contrib/admin/static/admin这个文件夹复制到/srv/mysite/static/下。

在浏览器试一下，xx:xx:xx:xx/admin，此时有admin界面了。

注：这里有个建议，删掉polls/urls.py，将链接分发统一放到mysite/urls.py这一个文件中去。原因是，过程中遇到一些莫名的问题，放在一个文件中就OK，此问题遗留。

下面把我们刚才创建的模型注册到admin中去，（admin的作用无需解释，走一遍django tutorial就了解了）。

在polls/下新建一个admin.py，编辑其内容如下即可：

from django.contrib import admin
from polls.models import Poll

admin.site.register(Poll)

至此，本文结束，阿里云+django搭建完毕，剩下的是django的开发工作了。