照着例子学习protobuf-python

以下是照着python操作protobuf进行的protobuf-python的学习笔记：

首先是protobuf的下载与安装：

1 由于google被墙，所以去github上面搜索了一下protobuf，于是找到了protobuf的git页：protobuf on github。

2 可以自己将protobuf下载下来进行编译，也可以直接用人家编译好的发行版，这个要看个人，我选择的是用编译好的发行版，下载地址在这里：protobuf realse version。

记得要同时下载两个东西，例如我下载的是：protobuf-2.6.1.zip 和 protobuf-2.6.1-win32.zip。

前者包含了protobuf与各语言（java，python）之间的protobuf运行时库，这个在转换的时候需要用到，相当与protobuf与各语言之间的协定格式。

后者包含了一个文件 protoc.exe，编译工具来的。

3 由于我们是要学习protobuf-python来着，所以解压玩protobuf-2.6.1.zip之后，我们可以在文件夹下面找到一个python文件夹，在其中会看到一个setup.py。

我们依次运行：python setup.py build 和 python setup.py install

有没有成功在控制台可以看得到。

这样环境就安装好了（python 建议选择2.7版本）。

接着就是编写和转换proto文件：

1 新建一个addressbook.proto文件，这个文件完全是按照原帖编写的，如下：

package tutorial;

message Person{
	required string name = 1;
	required int32 id = 2;
	optional string email = 3;

	enum PhoneType{
		MOBILE = 0;
		HOME = 1;
		WORK = 2;
	}

	message PhoneNumber{
		required string number = 1;
		optional PhoneType type = 2[default = HOME];
	}

	repeated PhoneNumber phone = 4;
}

message AddressBook{
	repeated Person person = 1;
}

2 利用protoc.exe编译proto文件，如下：

其中 -I是源文件目录 --python_out是文件输出目录 最后的参数addressbook.proto是你需要编译的协议文件，

编译好之后你就会在目标目录里面看到输出的结果文件，如下：

 # Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
 # source: addressbook.proto

 import sys
 _b=sys.version_info[0]<3 and (lambda x:x) or (lambda x:x.encode('latin1'))
 from google.protobuf import descriptor as _descriptor
 from google.protobuf import message as _message
 from google.protobuf import reflection as _reflection
 from google.protobuf import symbol_database as _symbol_database
 from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
 # @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)

 _sym_db = _symbol_database.Default()

 DESCRIPTOR = _descriptor.FileDescriptor(
   name='addressbook.proto',
   package='tutorial',
   serialized_pb=_b('\n\x11\x61\x64\x64ressbook.proto\x12\x08tutorial\"\xda\x01\n\x06Person\x12\x0c\n\x04name\x18\x01 \x02(\t\x12\n\n\x02id\x18\x02 \x02(\x05\x12\r\n\x05\x65mail\x18\x03 \x01(\t\x12+\n\x05phone\x18\x04 \x03(\x0b\x32\x1c.tutorial.Person.PhoneNumber\x1aM\n\x0bPhoneNumber\x12\x0e\n\x06number\x18\x01 \x02(\t\x12.\n\x04type\x18\x02 \x01(\x0e\x32\x1a.tutorial.Person.PhoneType:\x04HOME\"+\n\tPhoneType\x12\n\n\x06MOBILE\x10\x00\x12\x08\n\x04HOME\x10\x01\x12\x08\n\x04WORK\x10\x02\"/\n\x0b\x41\x64\x64ressBook\x12 \n\x06person\x18\x01 \x03(\x0b\x32\x10.tutorial.Person')
 )
 _sym_db.RegisterFileDescriptor(DESCRIPTOR)

 _PERSON_PHONETYPE = _descriptor.EnumDescriptor(
   name='PhoneType',
   full_name='tutorial.Person.PhoneType',
   filename=None,
   file=DESCRIPTOR,
   values=[
     _descriptor.EnumValueDescriptor(
       name='MOBILE', index=0, number=0,
       options=None,
       type=None),
     _descriptor.EnumValueDescriptor(
       name='HOME', index=1, number=1,
       options=None,
       type=None),
     _descriptor.EnumValueDescriptor(
       name='WORK', index=2, number=2,
       options=None,
       type=None),
   ],
   containing_type=None,
   options=None,
   serialized_start=207,
   serialized_end=250,
 )
 _sym_db.RegisterEnumDescriptor(_PERSON_PHONETYPE)

 _PERSON_PHONENUMBER = _descriptor.Descriptor(
   name='PhoneNumber',
   full_name='tutorial.Person.PhoneNumber',
   filename=None,
   file=DESCRIPTOR,
   containing_type=None,
   fields=[
     _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
       name='number', full_name='tutorial.Person.PhoneNumber.number', index=0,
       number=1, type=9, cpp_type=9, label=2,
       has_default_value=False, default_value=_b("").decode('utf-8'),
       message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
       is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
       options=None),
     _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
       name='type', full_name='tutorial.Person.PhoneNumber.type', index=1,
       number=2, type=14, cpp_type=8, label=1,
       has_default_value=True, default_value=1,
       message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
       is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
       options=None),
   ],
   extensions=[
   ],
   nested_types=[],
   enum_types=[
   ],
   options=None,
   is_extendable=False,
   extension_ranges=[],
   oneofs=[
   ],
   serialized_start=128,
   serialized_end=205,
 )

 _PERSON = _descriptor.Descriptor(
   name='Person',
   full_name='tutorial.Person',
   filename=None,
   file=DESCRIPTOR,
   containing_type=None,
   fields=[
     _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
       name='name', full_name='tutorial.Person.name', index=0,
       number=1, type=9, cpp_type=9, label=2,
       has_default_value=False, default_value=_b("").decode('utf-8'),
       message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
       is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
       options=None),
     _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
       name='id', full_name='tutorial.Person.id', index=1,
       number=2, type=5, cpp_type=1, label=2,
       has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
       message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
       is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
       options=None),
     _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
       name='email', full_name='tutorial.Person.email', index=2,
       number=3, type=9, cpp_type=9, label=1,
       has_default_value=False, default_value=_b("").decode('utf-8'),
       message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
       is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
       options=None),
     _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
       name='phone', full_name='tutorial.Person.phone', index=3,
       number=4, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=3,
       has_default_value=False, default_value=[],
       message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
       is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
       options=None),
   ],
   extensions=[
   ],
   nested_types=[_PERSON_PHONENUMBER, ],
   enum_types=[
     _PERSON_PHONETYPE,
   ],
   options=None,
   is_extendable=False,
   extension_ranges=[],
   oneofs=[
   ],
   serialized_start=32,
   serialized_end=250,
 )

 _ADDRESSBOOK = _descriptor.Descriptor(
   name='AddressBook',
   full_name='tutorial.AddressBook',
   filename=None,
   file=DESCRIPTOR,
   containing_type=None,
   fields=[
     _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
       name='person', full_name='tutorial.AddressBook.person', index=0,
       number=1, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=3,
       has_default_value=False, default_value=[],
       message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
       is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
       options=None),
   ],
   extensions=[
   ],
   nested_types=[],
   enum_types=[
   ],
   options=None,
   is_extendable=False,
   extension_ranges=[],
   oneofs=[
   ],
   serialized_start=252,
   serialized_end=299,
 )

 _PERSON_PHONENUMBER.fields_by_name['type'].enum_type = _PERSON_PHONETYPE
 _PERSON_PHONENUMBER.containing_type = _PERSON
 _PERSON.fields_by_name['phone'].message_type = _PERSON_PHONENUMBER
 _PERSON_PHONETYPE.containing_type = _PERSON
 _ADDRESSBOOK.fields_by_name['person'].message_type = _PERSON
 DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['Person'] = _PERSON
 DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['AddressBook'] = _ADDRESSBOOK

 Person = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('Person', (_message.Message,), dict(

   PhoneNumber = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('PhoneNumber', (_message.Message,), dict(
     DESCRIPTOR = _PERSON_PHONENUMBER,
     __module__ = 'addressbook_pb2'
     # @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:tutorial.Person.PhoneNumber)
     ))
   ,
   DESCRIPTOR = _PERSON,
   __module__ = 'addressbook_pb2'
   # @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:tutorial.Person)
   ))
 _sym_db.RegisterMessage(Person)
 _sym_db.RegisterMessage(Person.PhoneNumber)

 AddressBook = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('AddressBook', (_message.Message,), dict(
   DESCRIPTOR = _ADDRESSBOOK,
   __module__ = 'addressbook_pb2'
   # @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:tutorial.AddressBook)
   ))
 _sym_db.RegisterMessage(AddressBook)

 # @@protoc_insertion_point(module_scope)

addressbook_pb2.py

然后我们就可以使用生成的python文件了，

1 首先新建一个程序文档，代码还是来自原帖的：

 import addressbook_pb2
 import sys

 def PromptForAddress(person):
     person.id = int(raw_input("Please input the id of this person..."))
     person.name = raw_input("Please input a name for the person...")
     email = raw_input("Please enter the email address of the person....")

     if email != "":
         person.email = email
         pass

     while True:
         number = raw_input("Enter a phone number :")
         if number == "":
             break
             pass

         phone_number = person.phone.add()
         phone_number.number = number

         type = raw_input("Is this a mobile, home, or work phone?")
         if type == "mobile":
             phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.MOBILE
         elif type == "home":
             phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.HOME
         elif type == "work":
             phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.WORK
         else:
             print("Unknown phont type; leaving as default value.")
             pass
         pass
     pass

 if len(sys.argv) != 2:
     print("Usage:", sys.argv[0], "ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE")
     sys.exit(-1)
     pass
 print("What am i doing....")
 address_book = addressbook_pb2.AddressBook()

 try:
     f = open(sys.argv[1], "rb")
     address_book.ParseFromString(f.read())
     f.close()
 except IOError, e:
     print(sys.argv[1] + " : File not found. Creating a new file")
     pass

 PromptForAddress(address_book.person.add())

 f = open(sys.argv[1], "wb")
 f.write(address_book.SerializeToString())
 f.close()

add_person.py

2 然后运行这个文件，并按照提示进行操作：

然后你就可以在你的文件夹下面发现了保存的beach文件。