Python MongoDB 插入文档

章节

MongoDB中的文档与SQL数据库中的记录类似。

插入文档到集合

要将记录(或MongoDB中所称的文档)插入到集合中，可使用insert_one()方法。

insert_one()方法的第一个参数是一个字典，包含了要插入的文档中，每个字段的名称和值。

示例

在“customers”集合内插入记录:

myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")

mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]

mycol = mydb["customers"]

mydict = { "name": "John", "address": "Highway 37" }

x = mycol.insert_one(mydict)

返回_id字段

insert_one()方法返回InsertOneResult对象，该对象有一个inserted_id属性，保存了插入文档的id。

示例

在“customers”集合中插入一条记录，并返回_id字段的值:

mydict = { "name": "Peter", "address": "Lowstreet 27" }

x = mycol.insert_one(mydict)

print(x.inserted_id)

插入文档时，如果没有指定_id，将自动分配一个唯一的id。

上面的例子中，没有指定_id字段，MongoDB为记录(文档)分配了一个唯一_id。

插入多个文档

要将多个文档插入集合，可以使用insert_many()方法。

insert_many()方法的第一个参数是一个字典列表，包含了要插入的数据：

示例

import pymongo

myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")

mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]

mycol = mydb["customers"]

mylist = [

  { "name": "Amy", "address": "Apple st 652"},

  { "name": "Hannah", "address": "Mountain 21"},

  { "name": "Michael", "address": "Valley 345"},

  { "name": "Sandy", "address": "Ocean blvd 2"},

  { "name": "Betty", "address": "Green Grass 1"},

  { "name": "Richard", "address": "Sky st 331"},

  { "name": "Susan", "address": "One way 98"},

  { "name": "Vicky", "address": "Yellow Garden 2"},

  { "name": "Ben", "address": "Park Lane 38"},

  { "name": "William", "address": "Central st 954"},

  { "name": "Chuck", "address": "Main Road 989"},

  { "name": "Viola", "address": "Sideway 1633"}

]

x = mycol.insert_many(mylist)

# 打印文档_id值列表:

print(x.inserted_ids)

insert_many()方法返回InsertManyResult对象，该对象有一个inserted_ids属性，保存了所有插入文档的id

插入多个具有指定id的文档

插入文档时，如果不希望MongoDB为文档分配id，可以指定_id字段。

注意，_id值必须是惟一的，任意两个文档不能具有相同的_id。

示例

import pymongo

myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")

mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]

mycol = mydb["customers"]

mylist = [

  { "_id": 1, "name": "John", "address": "Highway 37"},

  { "_id": 2, "name": "Peter", "address": "Lowstreet 27"},

  { "_id": 3, "name": "Amy", "address": "Apple st 652"},

  { "_id": 4, "name": "Hannah", "address": "Mountain 21"},

  { "_id": 5, "name": "Michael", "address": "Valley 345"},

  { "_id": 6, "name": "Sandy", "address": "Ocean blvd 2"},

  { "_id": 7, "name": "Betty", "address": "Green Grass 1"},

  { "_id": 8, "name": "Richard", "address": "Sky st 331"},

  { "_id": 9, "name": "Susan", "address": "One way 98"},

  { "_id": 10, "name": "Vicky", "address": "Yellow Garden 2"},

  { "_id": 11, "name": "Ben", "address": "Park Lane 38"},

  { "_id": 12, "name": "William", "address": "Central st 954"},

  { "_id": 13, "name": "Chuck", "address": "Main Road 989"},

  { "_id": 14, "name": "Viola", "address": "Sideway 1633"}

]

x = mycol.insert_many(mylist)

# 打印文档_id值列表:

print(x.inserted_ids)