pyenv虚拟环境安装

安装过程

配置yum源

# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

# yum -y install yum-utils

# yum install wget -y 

# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo 

安装git

# yum install -y git

安装Python环境依赖

# yum install -y gcc make patch gdbm-devel openssl-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel zlib-devel bzip2-devel

添加用户

# useradd python

# echo |passwd --stdin python

# su - python

安装pyenv

$  curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/master/bin/pyenv-installer|bash

添加环境变量

$ vim .bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH
export PATH="/home/python/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"

$ . .bash_profile

查看python版本

$ python -V
Python 2.7.

Pyenv的命令

$ pyenv
pyenv 1.2.
Usage: pyenv <command> [<args>]

Some useful pyenv commands are:
   activate    Activate virtual environment
   commands    List all available pyenv commands
   deactivate   Deactivate virtual environment
   doctor      Verify pyenv installation and development tools to build pythons.
   exec        Run an executable with the selected Python version
   global      Set or show the global Python version(s)
   help        Display help for a command
   hooks       List hook scripts for a given pyenv command
   init        Configure the shell environment for pyenv
   install     Install a Python version using python-build
   local       Set or show the local application-specific Python version(s)
   prefix      Display prefix for a Python version
   rehash      Rehash pyenv shims (run this after installing executables)
   root        Display the root directory where versions and shims are kept
   shell       Set or show the shell-specific Python version
   shims       List existing pyenv shims
   uninstall   Uninstall a specific Python version
   version     Show the current Python version(s) and its origin
   --version   Display the version of pyenv
   version-file   Detect the file that sets the current pyenv version
   version-name   Show the current Python version
   version-origin   Explain how the current Python version is set
   versions    List all Python versions available to pyenv
   virtualenv   Create a Python virtualenv using the pyenv-virtualenv plugin
   virtualenv-delete   Uninstall a specific Python virtualenv
   virtualenv-init   Configure the shell environment for pyenv-virtualenv
   virtualenv-prefix   Display real_prefix for a Python virtualenv version
   virtualenvs   List all Python virtualenvs found in `$PYENV_ROOT/versions/*'.
   whence      List all Python versions that contain the given executable
   which       Display the full path to an executable

虚拟环境下安装Python3.5.3版本

1、从官网下载（非常慢，不建议）

$ pyenv install 3.5. -v
/tmp/python-build.20200718063111.6245 ~
Downloading Python-3.5..tar.xz...
-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.3/Python-3.5.3.tar.xz

2、传包的方式

$ ls -a
.  ..  .bash_history  .bash_logout  .bash_profile  .bashrc  .pki  .pyenv  .viminfo

$ mkdir .pyenv/cache

将下载好的包放入cache目录，然后执行安装命令

$ pyenv install 3.6. -v
/tmp/python-build.20200718070338.7001 ~/.pyenv
/tmp/python-build.20200718070338.7001/Python-3.6. /tmp/python-build.20200718070338.7001 ~/.pyenv
Installing Python-3.6....
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu

pyenv版本控制

当前登录用户全局生效

[python@localhost .pyenv]$ pyenv version
system (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version)

[python@localhost .pyenv]$ python -V
Python 2.7.

更改全局版本（企业中禁用）

$ pyenv version
3.6. (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version)

$ python -V
Python 2.7.

打开新终端查看版本信息

[python@localhost ~]$ pyenv versions
  system
* 3.6. (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version)

[python@localhost ~]$ python -V
Python 3.6.

切回原版本

[python@localhost ~]$ pyenv global system

[python@localhost ~]$ pyenv versions
* system (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version)
  3.6.

注意：这里的global参数作用的是python用户，而非root用户。如果是root用户安装的，那么不要用global，影响很大

修改当前shell的Python版本

[python@localhost .pyenv]$ pyenv shell 3.6.

[python@localhost .pyenv]$ pyenv versions
  system
* 3.6. (set by PYENV_VERSION environment variable)

[python@localhost .pyenv]$ python -V
Python 2.7.

新终端查看版本

[python@localhost ~]$ pyenv versions
* system (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version)
  3.6.

[python@localhost ~]$ python -V
Python 2.7.

这种方法是当前shell生效的，如果当前shell关闭了，版本设置就无效了，再打开shell的时候版本就变回原来的了，还需要重新再设置一次，非常麻烦，推荐使用下面的方法

Local（当前文件夹生效）

创建项目目录

[python@localhost .pyenv]$ cd
[python@localhost ~]$ mkdir zh/projects -p
[python@localhost ~]$ cd zh/projects/

新终端切换到项目目录

[python@localhost ~]$ cd zh/projects/

新终端设置当前目录版本

[python@localhost projects]$ pyenv local 3.6.

[python@localhost projects]$ pyenv versions
  system
* 3.6. (set by /home/python/zh/projects/.python-version)

[python@localhost projects]$ python -V
Python 3.6.

查看其它目录版本

[python@localhost cmdb]$ cd

[python@localhost ~]$ pyenv versions
* system (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version)
  3.6.

[python@localhost ~]$ python -V
Python 2.7.

查看子目录版本

[python@localhost projects]$ mkdir cmdb

[python@localhost projects]$ cd zh/projects/cmdb

[python@localhost cmdb]$ pyenv versions
  system
* 3.6. (set by /home/python/zh/projects/.python-version)

[python@localhost cmdb]$ python -V
Python 3.6.

虚拟环境（解决打包问题）

安装3.5.3版本

[python@localhost ~]$ cd .pyenv/cache/

[python@localhost cache]$ ll
total
-rw-r--r--.  python python  Dec     Python-3.5..tar.xz
-rw-r--r--.  python python  Nov    Python-3.6..tar.xz

[python@localhost projects]$ pyenv install 3.5. -v

[python@localhost ~]$ ll .pyenv/versions
total
drwxr-xr-x.  python python  Jul  : 3.5.
drwxr-xr-x.  python python  Jul  : 3.6.

创建虚拟环境

[python@localhost cmdb]$ pyenv virtualenv 3.5. zh353
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /home/python/.pyenv/versions/3.5./envs/zh353/lib/python3./site-packages
Requirement already satisfied: pip in /home/python/.pyenv/versions/3.5./envs/zh353/lib/python3./site-packages

查看版本信息

[python@localhost cmdb]$ pyenv versions
  system
  3.5.
  3.5./envs/zh353
* 3.6. (set by /home/python/zh/projects/.python-version)
  zh353

修改当前项目目录的Python版本

[python@localhost cmdb]$ pyenv local zh353 

(zh353) [python@localhost cmdb]$ pyenv versions
  system
  3.5.
  3.5./envs/zh353
  3.6.
* zh353 (set by /home/python/zh/projects/cmdb/.python-version)

创建新的项目目录并设置版本

(zh353) [python@localhost cmdb]$ mkdir ../web
(zh353) [python@localhost cmdb]$ cd ../web

[python@localhost web]$ pyenv local 3.6.
[python@localhost web]$ pyenv versions
  system
  3.5.
  3.5./envs/zh353
* 3.6. (set by /home/python/zh/projects/web/.python-version)
  zh353