vue学习七之Axios

JQuery时代，我们使用ajax向后台提交数据请求，Vue时代，Axios提供了前端对后台数据请求的各种方式。

什么是Axios

Axios是基于Promise的Http客户端，可以在浏览器和node.js中使用。

为什么使用Axios

Axios非常适合前后端数据交互，另一种请求后端数据的方式是vue-resource，vue-resource已经不再更新了，且只支持浏览器端使用，而Axios同时支持浏览器和Node端使用。

Vue开发者推荐使用更好的第三方工具，这就是Axios，详细的文件，请参考Evan You的这篇文章。

安装

Axios的安装支持多种方式

npm安装

1	npm install axios

cdn

1	<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/axios/0.18.0/axios.min.js"></script>

使用方式介绍

接下来，我们使用Django，搭建一个后台程序，并使用Vue Cli搭建一个前端程序，使用Axios进行前后端数据交互。

使用Vue Cli创建一个前端程序

1	vue init webpack luffy_fontend

使用Django创建一个后端程序luffy_backend

1	django-admin startproject luffy_backend

创建一个courses应用

1 2	cd luffy_backend python manage.py startapp courses

在models.py中创建两个类

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from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Courses(models.Model): course_name = models.CharField(max_length=32) course_price = models.IntegerField() course_teacher = models.CharField(max_length=16) start_date = models.DateField(auto_now=True, null=False) end_date = models.DateField(auto_now=True, null=False) def __str__(self): return self.course_name class Students(models.Model): student_name = models.CharField(max_length=16) student_id = models.IntegerField() student_phone = models.IntegerField() student_address = models.CharField(max_length=128)

插入数据

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// courses_courses insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values('Python全栈中级开发', 12800, 'Pizza', '2018-10-01', '2018-10-02'); insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values('Python全栈高级开发', 19800, 'Alex', '2018-10-03', '2018-10-04'); insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values('Linux高级运维', 12800, 'Oldboy', '2018-10-05', '2018-10-06'); insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values('高级网络工程师', 12800, 'Egon', '2018-10-07', '2018-10-08'); insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values('Go全栈高级开发', 12800, 'Yuan', '2018-10-09', '2018-10-10'); insert into courses_courses(course_name, course_price, course_teacher, start_date, end_date) values('Vue高级开发', 12800, 'Xiaoma', '2018-10-11', '2018-10-12'); // courses_students insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(1, 'Alex', 100001, 1378061875, '北京市大兴区智障一中'); insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(2, 'Pizza', 100002, 1378161875, '北京市朝阳区第一中学'); insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(2, 'Egon', 100003, 1378261875, '北京市房山智障三中'); insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(4, 'Oldboy', 100004, 1378361875, '北京市大兴区智障三中'); insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(5, 'Yuanhao', 100005, 1378460275, '北京市丰台区智障四中'); insert into courses_students(id, student_name, student_id, student_phone, student_address) values(6, 'Jinxin', 100006, 1378560875, '北京市海淀区智障五中');

在views.py中写好接口

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from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse from rest_framework.views import APIView import json from luffy_backend import settings from .models import Courses from .models import Students # Create your views here. class CoursesView(APIView): def get(self, request): print("Courses Get Methods Exec!") courses = list() for item in Courses.objects.all(): course = { "course_name": item.course_name, "course_price": item.course_price, 'course_teacher': item.course_teacher, 'start_date': str(item.start_date), 'end_date': str(item.end_date) } courses.append(course) print(courses) return HttpResponse(json.dumps(courses, ensure_ascii=False)) class StudentsView(APIView): def get(self, request): print("Student Get Methods Exec!") students = list() for item in Students.objects.all(): student = { 'student_name': item.student_name, 'student_id': item.student_id, 'student_phone': item.student_phone, 'student_address': item.student_address } students.append(student) return HttpResponse(json.dumps(students, ensure_ascii=False)) def post(self, request): print("Student Post Methods Exec!") print(request.body.decode('utf-8')) response = json.dumps(request.POST) return HttpResponse(response)

定义接口

配置后台接口

获取课程信息

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<template> <div> <span>这是课程详情页面</span> <button @click="getCourses">点击获取全部课程</button> <div v-if="isShow"> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>课程名称</th> <th>课程价格</th> <th>授课老师</th> <th>开课日期</th> <th>结课日期</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr v-for="(course, index) in courses" :key="index"> <td>{{ course.course_name }}</td> <td>{{ course.course_price }}</td> <td>{{ course.course_teacher }}</td> <td>{{ course.start_date }}</td> <td>{{ course.end_date }}</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "Courses", data() { return { isShow: false, courses: [] } }, methods: { getCourses: function () { let ts = this; this.$axios.get('/api/course/1/') .then(function (response) { ts.isShow = true; ts.courses = response.data; }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }); } } } </script> <style scoped> </style>

获取学生信息

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<template> <div> <span>这是学员信息页面</span> <button @click="getStudents">点击获取学生信息</button> <button @click="changeStudents">点击修改学生信息</button> <div v-if="isShow"> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>学生ID</th> <th>学生姓名</th> <th>学生电话</th> <th>学生地址</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr v-for="(student, index) in students" :key="index"> <td>{{ student.student_id }}</td> <td><input v-model="student.student_name"/></td> <td><input v-model="student.student_phone"/></td> <td><input v-model="student.student_address"/></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "Students", data() { return { isShow: false, students: [] } }, methods: { getStudents: function () { let ts = this; this.$axios.get('/api/student/1/') .then(function (response) { console.log(response); ts.isShow = true; ts.students = response.data; }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }) }, changeStudents: function () { let ts = this; this.$axios.post('/api/student/2/', { student_name: 1, student_id: 100001, student_phone: 1347658765, student_address: "北京市石景山区智障六中" }) .then(function (response) { }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }) } } } </script> <style scoped> </style>

以上，就是我们通过Axios的get和post请求与后台进行数据交互的全过程。