每天一个Linux命令（3）mkdir命令

    mkdir命令用来创建目录。 

  (1)用法: 

用法: mkdir [选项]... 目录...

(2)功能：

功能: 若指定目录不存在则创建目录

该命令创建由dirname命名的目录。如果在目录名的前面没有加任何路径名，则在当前目录下创建由dirname指定的目录；如果给出了一个已经存在的路径，将会在该目录下创建一个指定的目录。在创建目录时，应保证新建的目录与它所在目录下的文件没有重名。

    (3)选项参数

       1）-Z:                                                 设置安全上下文，当使用SELinux时有效

2) -m:<目标属性>或-mode<目标属性>    建立目录的同时设置目录的权限

3) -p或--parents                                   若所要建立目录的上层目录目前尚未建立，则会一并建立上层目录

4) -version                                         显示版本信息

  (4)实例

1)[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ mkdir mainDir   在当前文件夹下创建一个新文件

[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ ll            //列出当前目录下的文件及文件夹
total
[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ mkdir mainDir //新建一个文件
[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ ll            //查看
total
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : mainDir

2)[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ mkdir -v secondDir  在当期那文件夹下下创建一个新文件，并输出提示信息

[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ mkdir -v secondDir
mkdir: created directory ‘secondDir’
[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ 

3)[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ mkdir -p thirdDir/{test1,test2,test3}   在当前文件夹下创建一个新文夹，而且包含多个子文件夹

[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ mkdir -p thirdDir/{test1,test2,test3}  //新建包含多个子文件夹的文件夹
[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ ll   //查看当前工作目录下有的文件及文件夹，以详细信息输出
total
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng   May   : mainDir
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng   May   : secondDir
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : thirdDir
[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ cd thirdDir  //进入目录
[sunjimeng@localhost thirdDir]$ ll    //查看目录下的子目录
total
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : test1
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : test2
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : test3
[sunjimeng@localhost thirdDir]$ 

[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ ll                                 //查看Document文件夹下的文件及文件夹
total
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng   May   : mainDir
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng   May   : secondDir
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : thirdDir
[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ mkdir thirdDir/{test4,test5,test6}//虽然已经存在了thirdDir文件夹，但丝毫不影响这个操作
[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ ll
total
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng   May   : mainDir
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng   May   : secondDir
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : thirdDir
[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ cd thirdDir
[sunjimeng@localhost thirdDir]$ ll                                //因为新建的重名文件夹下的子文件夹集将可以添加到已有重名文件夹下
total
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : test1
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : test2
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : test3
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : test4
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : test5
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : test6

4)[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ mkdir -m 700 /home/sunjimeng/Document   在指定路径下创建文件夹，并且只有文件主有读、写和执行权限，其他人无权访问。

[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ mkdir -m  /home/sunjimeng/Document
[sunjimeng@localhost Documents]$ cd /home/sunjimeng
[sunjimeng@localhost ~]$ ll
total
drwxr-xr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng   May   : Desktop
drwx------.  sunjimeng sunjimeng   May   : Document     //这一项即为所新建的文件夹
drwxr-xr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : Documents
drwxr-xr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng   May   : Downloads
drwxr-xr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng   May   : Music
drwxr-xr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng   May   : Pictures
drwxr-xr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng   May   : Public
drwxr-xr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng   May   : Templates
drwxr-xr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng   May   : Videos

5)[sunjimeng@localhost Document]$ mkdir -pm 750 bin/os_1       在当前目录中建立bin和bin下的os_1目录，权限设置为文件主可读、写、执行，同组用户可读和执行，其他用户无权访问

[sunjimeng@localhost Document]$ mkdir -pm  bin/os_1
[sunjimeng@localhost Document]$ ll
total
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : bin
[sunjimeng@localhost Document]$ cd bin
[sunjimeng@localhost bin]$ ll
total
drwxr-x---.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : os_1
[sunjimeng@localhost bin]$  

6)[sunjimeng@localhost Document]$ mkdir --version    显示mkdir的版本信息

[sunjimeng@localhost Document]$ mkdir --version
mkdir (GNU coreutils) 8.22
Copyright (C)  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version  or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Written by David MacKenzie.

7)[sunjimeng@localhost Document]$ mkdir --parents Father/Child  与  mkdir -p Father/Child的效果是一样的   同理 -m等同于--mood

[sunjimeng@localhost Document]$ mkdir --parents Father/Child
[sunjimeng@localhost Document]$ ll
total
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : bin
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : Father
[sunjimeng@localhost Document]$ cd Father
[sunjimeng@localhost Father]$ ll
total
drwxrwxr-x.  sunjimeng sunjimeng  May   : Child
[sunjimeng@localhost Father]$