Linux中安装PostgreSQL-10.1

环境说明

• Linux版本：CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
• PostgreSQL版本：PostgreSQL-10.1
• PostgreSQL下载网址：https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/v10.1/

　　　　下载符合自己操作系统的版本即可（ postgresql-10.1.tar.gz）

• 参考文档：http://www.postgres.cn/docs/9.3/install-short.html
• DBeaver下载地址：https://dbeaver.jkiss.org/download/　　

　　　　我下载的是Windows 64 bit（zip archive）：dbeaverce614.zip（dbeaver-ce-6.1.4-x86_64-setup）

• DBeaver jdbc驱动下载地址：https://jdbc.postgresql.org/download.html#current

　　　　我下载的是：PostgreSQL JDBC 4.2 Driver, 42.1.4

安装部署

将下载好的源码包上传到服务器/tmp/目录下

 [root@VM_0_16_centos tmp]# ls | grep postgresql
 postgresql-10.1.tar.gz

安装路径为：/usr/local/pgsql

1.解压

 [root@VM_0_16_centos tmp]# tar -zxf postgresql-10.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
 [root@VM_0_16_centos tmp]# cd /usr/local/postgresql-10.1/

2.编译安装

依次执行如下操作：

[root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# ./configure
checking for getpwuid_r... yes
checking for gethostbyname_r... yes
checking whether strerror_r returns int... no
checking for main in -lm... yes
checking for library containing setproctitle... no
checking for library containing dlopen... -ldl
checking for library containing socket... none required
checking for library containing shl_load... no
checking for library containing getopt_long... none required
checking for library containing crypt... -lcrypt
checking for library containing shm_open... -lrt
checking for library containing shm_unlink... none required
checking for library containing clock_gettime... none required
checking for library containing fdatasync... none required
checking for library containing sched_yield... none required
checking for library containing gethostbyname_r... none required
checking for library containing shmget... none required
checking for library containing readline... no
configure: error: readline library not found
If you have readline already installed, see config.log for details on the
failure.  It is possible the compiler isn't looking in the proper directory.
Use --without-readline to disable readline support.

如上报错参考：https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-02/53982.htm

报错1：configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH:

解决：yum install gcc

报错2：configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH:

根据提示大概是readline包未安装

解决：yum install readline-devel

安装readline-devel包

 [root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# yum -y install readline-devel

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel | 5.3 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
os | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): epel/7/x86_64/updateinfo | 997 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): epel/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.8 MB 00:00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package readline-devel.x86_64 0:6.2-10.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: ncurses-devel for package: readline-devel-6.2-10.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

========================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
readline-devel x86_64 6.2-10.el7 os 138 k
Installing for dependencies:
ncurses-devel x86_64 5.9-14.20130511.el7_4 os 712 k

Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 851 k
Installed size: 2.4 M
Downloading packages:
(1/2): readline-devel-6.2-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 138 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): ncurses-devel-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64.rpm | 712 kB 00:00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 5.3 MB/s | 851 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : ncurses-devel-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64 1/2
Installing : readline-devel-6.2-10.el7.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : readline-devel-6.2-10.el7.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : ncurses-devel-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64 2/2

Installed:
readline-devel.x86_64 0:6.2-10.el7

Dependency Installed:
ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4

Complete!

安装完后再次运行./configure即可

[root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# ./configure

编译安装

 [root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# make
 [root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# su
 [root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# make install

 [root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# adduser postgres
 [root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
 [root@VM_0_16_centos postgresql-10.1]# chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
 [root@VM_0_16_centos local]# su - postgres
 Last login: Tue Aug  :: CST  on pts/
 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/
 The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
 This user must also own the server process.

 The database cluster will be initialized with locale "C".
 The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "SQL_ASCII".
 The default text search configuration will be set to "english".

 Data page checksums are disabled.

 fixing permissions on existing directory /usr/local/pgsql/data ... ok
 creating subdirectories ... ok
 selecting default max_connections ...
 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
 selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
 creating configuration files ... ok
 running bootstrap script ... ok
 performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
 syncing data to disk ... ok

 WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
 You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
 --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

 Success. You can now start the database server using:

     /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/ -l logfile start
 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/ > logfile 2>&1 &
34 [1] 12283
 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test
 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test
 psql (10.1)
 Type "help" for help.

 test=#

3.启动或重启服务

确保切换到/usr/local/pgsql/bin/目录下，并切换为postgres用户

  [postgres@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin/
  [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ su - postgres　　#输入密码，但安装时不知道密码，如果已在该用户下可不切换，默认第一次进来不输入密码

启动服务

 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./pg_ctl start -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/
4 pg_ctl: another server might be running; trying to start server anyway
5 waiting for server to start....2019-08-20 10:18:45.034 CST [16027] FATAL:  lock file "postmaster.pid" already exists
6 2019-08-20 10:18:45.034 CST [16027] HINT:  Is another postmaster (PID 12283) running in data directory "/usr/local/pgsql/data"?
7  stopped waiting
8 pg_ctl: could not start server
9 Examine the log output.
启动不了，是由于上面在后台运行的语句，以及产生了pid文件（/usr/local/pgsql/data）

[postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ pkill 12283
[postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./pg_ctl start -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/
pg_ctl: another server might be running; trying to start server anyway
waiting for server to start....2019-08-20 10:19:23.881 CST [16139] FATAL: lock file "postmaster.pid" already exists
2019-08-20 10:19:23.881 CST [16139] HINT: Is another postmaster (PID 12283) running in data directory "/usr/local/pgsql/data"?
stopped waiting
pg_ctl: could not start server
Examine the log output.

将pid文件删除即可

[postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ rm -rf /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid

再次运行启动命令，如下图即为成功

至此PostgreSQL安装完成

重启服务

 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./pg_ctl restart -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/

 4.新建数据库和可以登录数据库的用户密码

确保切换到/usr/local/pgsql/bin/目录下

创建数据库：

 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./createdb thydb

创建用户（用户名：thy，密码：TanHuiyuan）两种方式：

第一种：CREATE USER或CREATE ROLE：CREATE USER是CREATE ROLE的一个别名。 唯一的区别是CREATE USER命令缺省是LOGIN， 而CREATE ROLE命令缺省是NOLOGIN。

进入默认数据库postgres:

 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./psql
 psql (10.1)
 Type "help" for help.

执行（区分大小写）：

 postgres=# CREATE USER thy WITH PASSWORD 'TanHuiyuan';
 CREATE ROLE

创建成功如下：

第二种：pg封装的命令方式：

如果已经存在改用户了则不能重复创建

 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./createuser -P thy

5.访问数据库

确保切换到/usr/local/pgsql/bin/目录下

以默认用户名访问默认数据库（默认的用户名和数据库名都是postgres），进入PG交互终端

 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./psql

以名为thy角色登录名为thydb的数据库：

 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos bin]$ ./psql thydb -U thy

 

可以看出，当psql终端的提示符为=#时，表示当前登录的是超级用户，而当提示符为=>时则为普通用户

6.远程访问数据库设置

远程访问数据库的认证方式主要有很多方式，这里设置基于TCP/IP连接的trust认证方式

需要设置两个配置文件：

1）修改配置文件postgresql.conf

 [root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf

修改监听地址：

  #listen_addresses = 'localhost'
 改为
  listen_addresses = '*'
 listen_addresses = '*'

2）修改配置文件/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf

 [root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf

添加一条IP授权记录（如182.254.184.102），可以对一个网段授权

  # IPv4 myhost connections:
     host    all             all             182.254.184.0/        trust

即

也可以设置所有网段ip访问

1 # IPv4 remove connections:

    host all all 0.0.0.0/0 trust

即

配置之后需重启数据库才会生效：

需在postgres用户下执行：

 [postgres@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl restart -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/

7.Windows图形化界面DBeaver客户端访问PG

Dbeaver需要指定jdbc驱动，可到https://jdbc.postgresql.org/download.html#current下载

由于前面设置的是基于TCP/IP的trust认证，所以这里也只要设置如下参数就可：

将下载好的安装包解压到相应的盘符

安装步骤参考：https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/0aa223756a2eed88cd0d644a.html

Host：搭建PG的主机ip地址，这里我把自己的主机IP码掉啦

Port：默认为5432

Database：就是我们前面建立的数据库thydb

User：前面创建的用户名thy

Password：用户名对应的密码TanHuiyuan

本次使用默认数据库

驱动配置参考：https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/7c6fb428ab34e1c0642c9096.html

成功连接

参考博客：https://www.cnblogs.com/LinBug/p/8082790.html