python面对对象编程----1：BlackJack(21点)

昨天读完了《Mastering Object-oriented Python》的第一部分，做一些总结。

首先，第一部分总过八章，名字叫Pythonic Classes via Special Methods，也就是讲如何通过特殊方法构造以及设计类的。

其次，第一部分通篇使用的类的例子是BlackJack，也就是21点纸牌游戏，本篇先跳出来实现下21点游戏的代码，这里看明白了免得后面只使用部分时产生不清楚。【21点玩法】

以下代码我写了两个版本，版本一是原本自己按最普通的写法写的，版本二是用了部分书里的东西做了优化的，对照起来看能够发现版本二中不少优美的技巧。# py3.4.3

 #coding:gbk
 import random
 """
    --------------------------------------------- 第一部分：单张牌--------------------------------------------------------
 """
 class Card:
     def __init__(self,rank,suit):
         self.rank = rank
         self.suit = suit
         self.hard,self.soft = self._point()

     def _point(self):
         pass

 class numCard(Card):
     def __init__(self,rank,suit):
         super().__init__(rank,suit)

     def _point(self):
         self.hard = self.soft = self.rank
         return self.hard,self.soft

 class aceCard(Card):
     def __init__(self,rank,suit):
         super().__init__('A',suit)

     def _point(self):
         self.hard = 1
         self.soft = 11
         return self.hard,self.soft

 class faceCard(Card):
     def __init__(self,rank,suit):
         super().__init__( rank , suit )

     def _point(self):
         self.hard = self.soft = 10
         return self.hard,self.soft

 # somecard = [numCard('2','club'),aceCard('A','diamond'),faceCard('J','spade')]
 # for i in somecard:
 #     print( i.rank,i.suit,i.hard,i.soft)

 """
     -------------------------------------------------生成多幅牌---------------------------------------------------------
 """
 #版本1：
 # def deck(num):
 #     Decks = []
 #     for i in range(num):
 #         for j in ['club','heart','diamond','spade']:
 #             temp = [ str(x) for x in range(2,11) ]
 #             temp.extend(['J','Q','K','A'])
 #             for z in temp:
 #                 if z in "JQK":
 #                     Decks.append(numCard(z,j))
 #                 elif z == 'A':
 #                     Decks.append(aceCard(z,j))
 #                 else:
 #                     Decks.append(faceCard(z,j))
 #         random.shuffle(Decks)
 #     random.shuffle(Decks)
 #     return Decks
 #
 # Decks = deck(3)
 # for i in Decks:
 #         print( i.rank,i.suit,i.hard,i.soft)

 # 版本2：
 def card4( rank, suit ):
     class_= {1: aceCard, 11: faceCard, 12: faceCard,13: faceCard}.get(rank, numCard)
     return class_( rank, suit )

 Decks = []
 for i in range(3):
     Decks.extend( [ card4(rank,suit) for rank in range(1,14) for suit in ['Club','Heart','Diamond','Spade'] ] )
 random.shuffle(Decks)
 # for i in Decks:
 #         print( i.rank,i.suit,i.hard,i.soft)

 """
     -----------------------------------------------第三部分：手牌--------------------------------------------------------
     注意：
 """
 class Hand:
     dieFlag = False
     def __init__(self,*mycards):
         self.mycards = []
         self.mycards.extend(mycards)
         print('your beginning cards are: ',mycards[0].suit,mycards[0].rank,mycards[1].suit,mycards[1].rank)
         print('sum of your cards is:',self.count())

     def askcard(self,acard):
         nowpoint = self.count()
         if Hand.dieFlag:
             print('sum of your card is ',nowpoint,'you died')
         else:
             self.mycards.append(acard)
             print('you get card:',acard.suit,acard.rank)
             nowpoint = self.count()
             print('sum of your card is ',nowpoint)

     def count(self):
         sumpoint = 0
         for x in self.mycards:
             sumpoint += int(x.soft)
         if sumpoint > 21:
             sumpoint = 0
             for x in self.mycards:
                 sumpoint += x.hard
                 if sumpoint > 21:
                     Hand.dieFlag = True
                     print('boom!,you get',sumpoint)
                     return sumpoint
         else:
             return sumpoint

 hands = Hand(Decks.pop(),Decks.pop())
 while not hands.dieFlag:
     wt2askc = input('ask card?<yes/no>: ')
     if wt2askc == 'yes' and not hands.dieFlag:
             hands.askcard(Decks.pop())
     else:
         break
 print('\nfinally,your get %d points'%hands.count())

版本一

 #coding:gbk
 import random
 class Card:
     def __init__(self,rank,suit):
         self.rank = rank
         self.suit = suit

 class numCard(Card):
     def __init__(self,rank,suit):
         super().__init__(rank,suit)
         self.hard = self.soft = self.rank

 class aceCard(Card):
     def __init__(self,rank,suit):
         super().__init__('A',suit)
         self.hard = 1
         self.soft = 11

 class faceCard(Card):
     def __init__(self,rank,suit):
         super().__init__( rank , suit )
         self.hard = self.soft = 10

 # somecard = [numCard('2','club'),aceCard('A','diamond'),faceCard('J','spade')]
 # for i in somecard:
 #     print( i.rank,i.suit,i.hard,i.soft)

 """
    --------------------------------------------- 第二部分：生成多副牌----------------------------------------------------
     一个名为Decks的列表，其元素为一张张牌
 """
 def card4( rank, suit ):
     class_= {1: aceCard, 11: faceCard, 12: faceCard,13: faceCard}.get(rank, numCard)
     return class_( rank, suit )

 class Decks(list):
     def __init__(self,num):
         super().__init__()
         for i in range(num):
             self.extend( card4(rank,suit) for rank in range(1,14) for suit in ['Club','Heart','Diamond','Spade'] )
         random.shuffle(self)

 decks = Decks(3)

 """
     -----------------------------------------------第三部分：手牌--------------------------------------------------------
 """
 class Hand:
     dieFlag = False
     def __init__(self,*mycards):
         self.mycards = []
         self.mycards.extend(mycards)
         print('your beginning cards are: ',mycards[0].suit,mycards[0].rank,mycards[1].suit,mycards[1].rank)
         print('sum of your cards is:',self.count())

     def askcard(self,acard):
         nowpoint = self.count()
         if Hand.dieFlag:
             print('sum of your card is ',nowpoint,'you died')
         else:
             print('you get card:',acard.suit,acard.rank)
             self.mycards.append(acard)
             nowpoint = self.count()
             print('sum of your card is ',nowpoint)

     def count(self):
         sumpoint = sum( c.hard for c in self.mycards)
         if sumpoint > 21:
             sumpoint = sum( c.soft for c in self.mycards)
             if sumpoint > 21:
                 Hand.dieFlag = True
         return sumpoint

 if __name__=="__main__":
     hands = Hand(decks.pop(),decks.pop())
     while not hands.dieFlag:
         wt2askc = input('ask card?<yes/no>: ')
         if wt2askc == 'yes' and not hands.dieFlag:
                 hands.askcard(decks.pop())
         else:
             break
     print('finally,your get %d points'%hands.count())

 #
 # 输出1：
 # your beginning cards are:  Heart 3 Spade 5
 # sum of your cards is: 8
 # ask card?<yes/no>: yes
 # you get card: Spade 9
 # sum of your card is  17
 # ask card?<yes/no>: no
 # finally,your get 17 points
 #
 # 输出2：
 # your beginning cards are:  Club 12 Club 3
 # sum of your cards is: 13
 # ask card?<yes/no>: yes
 # you get card: Club 6
 # sum of your card is  19
 # ask card?<yes/no>: yes
 # you get card: Diamond 9
 # sum of your card is  28
 # finally,your get 28 points

版本二