如何让你的Python程序支持多语言

本文介绍如何通过Python标准库gettext帮助你的程序支持多语言。

代码例子

import random

guessesTaken = 0

print(_("Hello! What's your name?"))

myName = input()

number = random.randint(1, 20)

print("Well, {}, I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20.".format(myName))

while guessesTaken < 6:

    print("Take a guess.")

    guess = input()

    try:

        guess = int(guess)

    except ValueError:

        print("You should give me a number.")

        continue

    if guess < number:

        print("Your guess is too low.")

    if guess > number:

        print("You guess is too high.")

    if guess == number:

        break

if guess == number:

    print("Good job, {}! You guessed my number in {} guesses!".format(

        myName, guessesTaken))

if guess != number:

    print("Nope. The number I was thinking of was {}.".format(number))

这是我们一个简单的猜数字游戏，我们执行看看过程。

$ python3 guess.py

Hello! What's your name?

Aidan

Well, Aidan, I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20.

Take a guess.

13

You guess is too high.

Take a guess.

2

Your guess is too low.

Take a guess.

12

You guess is too high.

Take a guess.

1

Your guess is too low.

Take a guess.

10

You guess is too high.

Take a guess.

9

Good job, Aidan! You guessed my number in 6 guesses!

程序是很漂亮了，可是老板突然要求你改成中文的，那么我们通常可能选择将字符串全部修改为相应中文，但是老板要让你自己针对不同用户不同语言就麻烦了。那有啥办法呢？Python标准库gettext可以帮助我们。

改造

我们首先用_()，然改造我们的字符串。你可以把_()想象成类似如下函数

def _(s):

    spanishStrings = {'Hello world!': 'Hola Mundo!'}

    frenchStrings = {'Hello world!': 'Bonjour le monde!'}

    germanStrings = {'Hello world!': 'Hallo Welt!'}

    if LANGUAGE == 'English':

        return s

    if LANGUAGE == 'Spanish':

        return spanishStrings[s]

    if LANGUAGE == 'French':

        return frenchStrings[s]

    if LANGUAGE == 'German':

        return germanStrings[s]

不过，当我查看他类型时，我发现他应该是某种继承了list的扩展类型。

>>> type(_)

<class 'list'>

改造后我们的代码如下

import random

guessesTaken = 0

print(_("Hello! What's your name?"))

myName = input()

number = random.randint(1, 20)

print(_("Well, {}, I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20.").format(myName))

while guessesTaken < 6:

    guessesTaken += 1

    print(_("Take a guess."))

    guess = input()

    try:

        guess = int(guess)

    except ValueError:

        print(_("You should give me a number."))

        continue

    if guess < number:

        print(_("Your guess is too low."))

    if guess > number:

        print(_("You guess is too high."))

    if guess == number:

        break

if guess == number:

    print(_("Good job, {}! You guessed my number in {} guesses!").format(

        myName, guessesTaken))

if guess != number:

    print(_("Nope. The number I was thinking of was {}.").format(number))

提取字符串

Python 自带一个工具我们提取使用_()包裹的字符串

pygettext3 -d guess guess.py

它生成了如下文件：

$ cat guess.pot

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.

# Copyright (C) YEAR ORGANIZATION

# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.

#

msgid ""

msgstr ""

"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"

"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-12-24 15:35+CST\n"

"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"

"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"

"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"

"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"

"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"

"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

"Generated-By: pygettext.py 1.5\n"

#: guess.py:5

msgid "Hello! What's your name?"

msgstr ""

#: guess.py:9

msgid "Well, {}, I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20."

msgstr ""

#: guess.py:12

msgid "Take a guess."

msgstr ""

#: guess.py:17

msgid "You should give me a number."

msgstr ""

#: guess.py:21

msgid "Your guess is too low."

msgstr ""

#: guess.py:24

msgid "You guess is too high."

msgstr ""

#: guess.py:30

msgid "Good job, {}! You guessed my number in {} guesses!"

msgstr ""

#: guess.py:34

msgid "Nope. The number I was thinking of was {}."

msgstr ""

翻译工作

我们通过使用poedit这个非常好用的工具对其翻译成我们想要的目标文件，该工具还带有翻译词典，跨平台。地址：http://poedit.net/

翻译后的结果

翻译后生成

guess.po

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.

# Copyright (C) YEAR ORGANIZATION

# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.

#

msgid ""

msgstr ""

"Project-Id-Version: \n"

"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-12-24 15:35+CST\n"

"PO-Revision-Date: 2014-12-24 16:23+0800\n"

"Last-Translator: \n"

"Language-Team: \n"

"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"

"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"

"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

"Generated-By: pygettext.py 1.5\n"

"X-Generator: Poedit 1.7.1\n"

"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"

"Language: zh\n"

#: guess.py:5

msgid "Hello! What's your name?"

msgstr "你好！你叫什么名字？"

#: guess.py:9

msgid "Well, {}, I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20."

msgstr "好的，{}，我心里想了个1到20之间的数。"

#: guess.py:12

msgid "Take a guess."

msgstr "猜猜看。"

#: guess.py:17

msgid "You should give me a number."

msgstr "你应该给我个数字。"

#: guess.py:21

msgid "Your guess is too low."

msgstr "你猜低了。"

#: guess.py:24

msgid "You guess is too high."

msgstr "你猜高了。"

#: guess.py:30

msgid "Good job, {}! You guessed my number in {} guesses!"

msgstr "漂亮，{}！你用了{}次猜中了我的数字。"

#: guess.py:34

msgid "Nope. The number I was thinking of was {}."

msgstr "不对。我想的数字是{}。"

还有一个mo扩展的文件，MO 文件是面向计算机的、由 PO 文件通过 gettext 软件包编译而成的二进制文件。

我们如下放置这两个文件

├── guess.py

├── locale

│ └── zh_CN

│ └── LC_MESSAGES

│ ├── guess.mo

│ └── guess.po

武装gettext

然后我们在代码加入

import gettext

es = gettext.translation('guess', localedir='locale', languages=['zh_CN'])

es.install()

终极版本

import random

import gettext

es = gettext.translation('guess', localedir='locale', languages=['zh_CN'])

es.install()

guessesTaken = 0

print(_("Hello! What's your name?"))

myName = input()

number = random.randint(1, 20)

print(_("Well, {}, I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20.").format(myName))

while guessesTaken < 6:

    guessesTaken += 1

    print(_("Take a guess."))

    guess = input()

    try:

        guess = int(guess)

    except ValueError:

        print(_("You should give me a number."))

        continue

    if guess < number:

        print(_("Your guess is too low."))

    if guess > number:

        print(_("You guess is too high."))

    if guess == number:

        break

if guess == number:

    print(_("Good job, {}! You guessed my number in {} guesses!").format(

        myName, guessesTaken))

if guess != number:

    print(_("Nope. The number I was thinking of was {}.").format(number))

惊人结果

$ python3 guess.py

你好！你叫什么名字？

大熊

好的，大熊，我心里想了个1到20之间的数。

猜猜看。

10

你猜高了。

猜猜看。

8

你猜高了。

猜猜看。

6

你猜高了。

猜猜看。

4

漂亮，大熊！你用了4次猜中了我的数字。

结论

Python 在国际化操作方面很简单，你是否有更好的方案？

如何让你的Python程序支持多语言的更多相关文章

  1. 让你的.NET程序支持多语言

    辛辛苦苦做出来的软件,我们当然希望能让更多的人用,支持多语言是必须的.下面我将以Asp.net Web Form为例来介绍如何支持多语言.其他程序比如windows程序,过程都是大同小异的. 大概分以 ...

  2. 浅谈 Python 程序和 C 程序的整合

    源地址:http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-pythonandc/ 概览 Python 是一种用于快速开发软件的编程语言,它的语法比较简单, ...

  3. 谈 Python 程序和 C 程序的整合 （转载）

    http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-pythonandc/ 概览 Python 是一种用于快速开发软件的编程语言,它的语法比较简单,易于掌握 ...

  4. 【python之路2】CMD中执行python程序中文显示乱码

    在IDLE中执行下面代码,中文显示正常: # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- st=raw_input("请输入内容")print st 但在CMD中执行e:\hello ...

  5. Python程序的常见错误（收集篇）

    关于Python Python是一门解释性的,面向对象的,并具有动态语义的高级编程语言.它高级的内置数据结构,结合其动态类型和动态绑定的特性,使得它在快速应用程序开发(Rapid Applicatio ...

  6. 编写高质量代码--改善python程序的建议（六）

    原文发表在我的博客主页,转载请注明出处! 建议二十八:区别对待可变对象和不可变对象 python中一切皆对象,每一个对象都有一个唯一的标识符(id()).类型(type())以及值,对象根据其值能否修 ...

  7. 编写高质量代码--改善python程序的建议（八）

    原文发表在我的博客主页,转载请注明出处! 建议四十一:一般情况下使用ElementTree解析XML python中解析XML文件最广为人知的两个模块是xml.dom.minidom和xml.sax, ...

  8. 3.第一个python程序

    学习任何一门语言的第一步,首先要写个'hello world',这算是程序员的一个传统.但在写之前,还有注意几个问题. 首先,python是一门脚本语言,而脚本语言的特点就是:我们写的代码会先由解释器 ...

  9. 如何使用sublime编辑器运行python程序

    现在越发喜欢sublime编辑器了,不仅界面友好美观.文艺,可扩展性还特别强. sublime本身是不具备运行python程序的能力的,需要做些设置才可以.以下是安装好sublime后设置的步骤: 点 ...

随机推荐

  1. div+css模式编写html静态网页例子_仿照网页制作

    <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8&quo ...

  2. ActionScript 3.0数组操作

    var arr:Array=new Array();arr=["a","b","c"];  //赋初值,注意这里的即使单个字符赋值使用的是& ...

  3. nginx 配置301转发

    学习nginx 推荐 http://www.nginx.cn/nginx-how-to 1. 设置域名解析 daijun.me 指向 234.33.22.21 2.主机234.33.22.21 ngi ...

  4. typedef struct

    突然忘了这玩意儿了..今天就来搞一发 typedef是类型定义的意思.typedef struct 是为了使用这个结构体方便.具体区别在于:若struct node {}这样来定义结构体的话.在申请n ...

  5. android如何建立数据库。（如何重写SQLiteOpenHelper）

    public class DBConnection extendsSQLiteOpenHelper{//继承SQLiteOpenHelper, public DBConnection(Context ...

  6. Junit使用教程（一）

    几乎所有程序员都听说过Junit的大名,但不知真正懂得运用它的人有多少,我便是其中的一个小白. 知道Junit是用来测试的,但却把“宝刀”当成了“菜刀”用.为了从此不再菜鸟,特此总结整理了下Junit ...

  7. 图片标签的alt与title区别

    一.img标签alt属性 1.alt属性是考虑到不支持图像显示或者图像显示被关闭的浏览器的用户,以及视觉障碍的用户和使用屏幕阅读器的用户.当图片不显示的时候,图片的替换文字. 2.alt属性值得长度必 ...

  8. Linux下svn命令switch用法

    # svn info /data/www/49you/api.49you.com Path: /data/www/49you/api.49you.comURL: svn://192.168.10.81 ...

  9. 抓取锁的sql语句-第三次修改

    CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE SOLVE_LOCK AS V_SQL VARCHAR2(3000); --定义 v_sql 接受抓取锁的sql语句CUR_LOCK SYS_R ...

  10. 【转】Objective-C中一种消息处理方法performSelector: withObject:

    原文 : http://www.cnblogs.com/buro79xxd/archive/2012/04/10/2440074.html   Objective-C中调用函数的方法是“消息传递”,这 ...