Mac svn使用学习-1-简介

在Windows环境中，可以使用TortoiseSVN来搭建svn环境。但是由于Mac自带了svn的服务器端和客户端功能，因此可以直接使用svn功能。

svn即subversion,Subversion是一个自由开源的版本控制系统。在Subversion管理下，文件和目录可以超越时空。Subversion将文件存放在中心版本库里，这个版本库很像一个普通的文件服务器，不同的是，它可以记录每一次文件和目录的修改情况，这样就可以借此将数据恢复到以前的版本，并可以查看数据的更改细节。

绝大多数开源软件都使用SVN作为代码版本管理软件

Subversion的版本库的确是一种文件服务器，但不是“一般”的文件服务器。Subversion版本库的特别之处在于，它会记录每一次改变：每个文件的改变，甚至是目录树本身的改变，例如文件和目录的添加、删除和重新组织。

一般情况下，客户端从版本库中获取的数据是文件系统树中的最新数据，但是客户端也具备查看文件系统树以前任何一个状态的能力。举个例子，客户端有时会对一些历史性问题感兴趣，比如“上星期三时的目录结构是什么样的？”或者“谁最后一个修改了这个文件，都修改了什么？”这些都是版本控制系统的核心问题（设计用来记录和跟踪数据变化的系统）。

1.帮助

1)svn help

先查看帮助，看其提供了什么功能：

userdeMBP:~ user$ svn help
usage: svn <subcommand> [options] [args]
Subversion command-line client.
Type 'svn help <subcommand>' for help on a specific subcommand.
Type 'svn --version' to see the program version and RA modules,
     'svn --version --verbose' to see dependency versions as well,
     'svn --version --quiet' to see just the version number.

大多数子命令接受文件和/或目录参数，在目录上递归。如果没有为这样的命令提供参数，它将在默认情况下递归当前目录(包括当前目录)。

Available subcommands:
   add
   auth
   blame (praise, annotate, ann)
   cat
   changelist (cl)
   checkout (co)
   cleanup
   commit (ci)
   copy (cp)
   delete (del, remove, rm)
   diff (di)
   export
   help (?, h)
   import
   info
   list (ls)
   lock
   log
   merge
   mergeinfo
   mkdir
   move (mv, rename, ren)
   patch
   propdel (pdel, pd)
   propedit (pedit, pe)
   propget (pget, pg)
   proplist (plist, pl)
   propset (pset, ps)
   relocate
   resolve
   resolved
   revert
   status (stat, st)
   switch (sw)
   unlock
   update (up)
   upgrade
   x-shelve (shelve)
   x-unshelve (unshelve)
   x-shelves (shelves)

Subversion is a tool for version control.
For additional information, see http://subversion.apache.org/

2)svn --version：参见程序版本和RA模块

userdeMBP:~ user$ svn --version
svn, version 1.10. (r1827917)
   compiled Aug  , :: on x86_64-apple-darwin17.0.0

Copyright (C)  The Apache Software Foundation.
This software consists of contributions made by many people;
see the NOTICE file for more information.
Subversion is open source software, see http://subversion.apache.org/

The following repository access (RA) modules are available:

* ra_svn : Module for accessing a repository using the svn network protocol.
  - with Cyrus SASL authentication
  - handles 'svn' scheme
* ra_local : Module for accessing a repository on local disk.
  - handles 'file' scheme
* ra_serf : Module for accessing a repository via WebDAV protocol using serf.
  - using serf 1.3. (compiled with 1.3.)
  - handles 'http' scheme
  - handles 'https' scheme

The following authentication credential caches are available:

* Plaintext cache in /Users/user/.subversion
* GPG-Agent
* Mac OS X Keychain

3）svn --version --verbose : 除了参见程序版本和RA模块，还参阅依赖项版本

--verbose：打印额外的信息

userdeMBP:~ user$ svn --version --verbose
svn, version 1.10. (r1827917)
   compiled Aug  , :: on x86_64-apple-darwin17.0.0

Copyright (C)  The Apache Software Foundation.
This software consists of contributions made by many people;
see the NOTICE file for more information.
Subversion is open source software, see http://subversion.apache.org/

The following repository access (RA) modules are available:

* ra_svn : Module for accessing a repository using the svn network protocol.
  - with Cyrus SASL authentication
  - handles 'svn' scheme
* ra_local : Module for accessing a repository on local disk.
  - handles 'file' scheme
* ra_serf : Module for accessing a repository via WebDAV protocol using serf.
  - using serf 1.3. (compiled with 1.3.)
  - handles 'http' scheme
  - handles 'https' scheme

The following authentication credential caches are available:

* Plaintext cache in /Users/user/.subversion
* GPG-Agent
* Mac OS X Keychain

System information:

* running on x86_64-apple-darwin18.0.0
  - Mac OS X 10.14, build 18A391
* linked dependencies:
  - APR 1.5. (compiled with 1.5.)
  - APR-Util 1.5. (compiled with 1.5.)
  - Expat 2.2. (compiled with 2.2.)
  - SQLite 3.24. (compiled with 3.24.)
  - Utf8proc 2.1. (compiled with 2.1.)
  - ZLib 1.2. (compiled with 1.2.)
  - LZ4 1.7. (compiled with 1.7.)
* loaded shared libraries:
  - /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/svn   (Intel -bit)
  - /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/libsvn_client-1.0.dylib   (Intel -bit)
  - /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/libsvn_wc-1.0.dylib   (Intel -bit)
  - /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/libsvn_ra-1.0.dylib   (Intel -bit)
...

4)svn --version --quiet :只得到版本号信息

userdeMBP:~ user$ svn --version --quiet
1.10.