MapReduce编程实例

MapReduce常见编程实例集锦。

1. WordCount单词统计
2. 数据去重
3. 倒排索引

1. WordCount单词统计

(1) 输入输出

输入数据：

file1.csv内容

hellod world

file2.csv内容

hellod hadoop

输出结果：

hadoop    1
hello    2
world    1

(2) 代码实现及分析

package com.hadoop.kwang;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

public class WordCount {

    /**
     * Mapper类
     *
     * Object和Text是输入数据的<key,value>类型
     * Text和IntWritable是输出数据的<key,value>类型
     */
    public static class TokenizerMapper extends Mapper<Object, Text, Text, IntWritable> {

        private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
        private Text word = new Text();

        public void map(Object key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {

            //读取一行的文本，并进行分割
            StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString());

            //遍历读取并记录分割后的每一个单词
            while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) {
                word.set(itr.nextToken());

                //输出的<key,value>形式都是：<"word",1>
                context.write(word, one);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Reducer类
     *
     */
    public static class IntSumReducer extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {
        private IntWritable result = new IntWritable();

        public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context)
                throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            //统计单词次数
            int sum = 0; 

            //values是某个key对应的value的集合，即<key,value-list>，比如<hello, <1,1>>，values是值的集合
            for (IntWritable val : values) {
                //对所有value进行累加
                sum += val.get();
            }
            result.set(sum);
            context.write(key, result);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        Configuration conf = new Configuration();

        //配置输入输出路径
        String input = "hdfs://0.0.0.0：xxx/hadoop/wordcount/input/";
        String output = "hdfs://0.0.0.0：xxx/hadoop/wordcount/output/";

        Job job = new Job(conf, "word count");
        job.setJarByClass(WordCount.class);
        job.setMapperClass(TokenizerMapper.class);        //为job设置Mapper类
        job.setCombinerClass(IntSumReducer.class);        //为job设置Conbiner类
        job.setReducerClass(IntSumReducer.class);        //为job设置Reducer类

        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);                //设置输出key类型
        job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);        //设置输出value类型

        FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(input));        //设置数据输入路径
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(output));    //设置数据输出路径

        System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
    }
}

2. 数据去重

(1) 输入输出

输入数据：

file1.csv内容

2017-12-09 a
2017-12-10 a
2017-12-11 a
2017-12-12 b
2017-12-13 b

file2.csv内容

2017-12-09 b
2017-12-10 b
2017-12-11 b
2017-12-12 b
2017-12-13 b

输出结果：

2017-12-09 a
2017-12-09 b
2017-12-10 a
2017-12-10 b
2017-12-11 a
2017-12-11 b
2017-12-12 b
2017-12-13 b 

(2) 代码实现及分析

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

public class DedupClean {

    /*
     * Mapper类
     */
    public static class DedupCleanMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, Text> {

        private static Text line = new Text();
        private static Text nullString = new Text("");

        @Override
        protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, Text>.Context context)
                throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            //直接读取一行的数据作为key
            line = value;

            //写入key和value
            context.write(line, nullString);
        }
    }

    /*
     * Recuder类
     */
    public static class DedupCleanReducer extends Reducer<Text, Text, Text, Text> {

        @Override
        protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<Text> values, Reducer<Text, Text, Text, Text>.Context context)
                throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            //写入key和空value，重复的key覆盖
            context.write(key, new Text(""));
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        final String FILE_IN_PATH = "hdfs://0.0.0.0:XXX/hadoop/dedupclean/input/";
        final String FILE_OUT_PATH = "hdfs://0.0.0.0:XXX/hadoop/dedupclean/ouput/";

        Configuration conf = new Configuration();

        //删除已经存在的输出目录
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI(FILE_OUT_PATH), conf);
        if (fs.exists(new Path(FILE_OUT_PATH))) {
            fs.delete(new Path(FILE_OUT_PATH), true);
        }

        Job job = Job.getInstance(conf, "DedupClean");
        job.setJarByClass(DedupClean.class);
        job.setMapperClass(DedupCleanMapper.class);
        job.setReducerClass(DedupCleanReducer.class);

        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(Text.class);

        FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(FILE_IN_PATH));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(FILE_OUT_PATH));

        System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
    }
}

3. 倒排索引

(1) 介绍

文档是由许多的单词组成的，其中每个单词也可以在同一个文档中重复出现多次，当然，同一个单词也可以在不同的文档中。

正排索引（forward index）：从文档角度看其中的单词，标识每个文档（用文档ID标识）都含有哪些单词，以及每个单词出现了多少次（词频）及出现的位置（相对于文档首部的偏移量）。

倒排索引（inverted index）：从单词角度看文档，标识每个单词分别在哪些文档中出现（文档ID），以及在各自的文档中每个单词分别出现了多少次（词频）及其出现的位置（相对于该文档首部的偏移量）。

简单记为：

正排索引：文档 ——> 单词

倒排索引：单词 ——> 文档

应用场景：比如搜索引擎、大规模数据库索引、文档检索、信息检索领域等，总之，倒排索引在检索领域是很重要的一种索引机制。

(2) 输入输出及原理图

输入数据：

a.txt内容

hello you hello

b.txt内容

hello hans

输出结构：

hans    b.txt:1
hello    b.txt:1;a.txt:2
you    a.txt:1

具体的原理实现示意图如下图所示：

(3) 代码实现及分析

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileSplit;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

public class InvertedIndex {

    /*
     * Mapper类
     *
     *     输出<word:filename, value>格式，如<hello:a.txt, 1>
     *                                   <hello:a.txt, 1>
     *                                   <hello:b.txt, 1>
     */
    public static class InvertedIndexMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, Text> {

        @Override
        protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, Text>.Context context)
                throws IOException, InterruptedException {

            //获取文件名
            //文件路径：hdfs://10.20.14.47:8020/hadoop/invertedindex/input/a.txt (split.getPath()方法)
            FileSplit split = (FileSplit)context.getInputSplit();
            //fileName：a.txt
            String fileName = StringUtil.getShortPath(split.getPath().toString());

            //以<word:filename, value>形式存储 (便于Combiner中统计统一文件中相同单词数量)
            StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(value.toString());
            while(st.hasMoreTokens()) {
                String word = st.nextToken().toLowerCase();
                word = word + ":" + fileName;
                context.write(new Text(word), new Text("1"));
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * Conbiner类
     *
     *     输入<word:filename, value>格式，如<hello:a.txt, 1>
     *                                   <hello:a.txt, 1>
     *                                   <hello:b.txt, 1>
     *
     *     输出<word, filename:values>格式，如<hello, a.txt:2>
     *                                    <hello, b.txt:1>
     */
    public static class InvertedIndexCombiner extends Reducer<Text, Text, Text, Text> {
        @Override
        protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<Text> values, Reducer<Text, Text, Text, Text>.Context context)
                throws IOException, InterruptedException {

            long sum = 0;
            //统计同一个单词在同一个文件中的次数
            for(Text val : values) {
                sum += Integer.valueOf(val.toString());
            }

            //将key(hello:a.txt) 分割为newKey(hello)和fileKey(a.txt)
            String newKey = StringUtil.getSplitByIndex(key.toString(), ":", 0);
            String fileKey = StringUtil.getSplitByIndex(key.toString(), ":", 1);

            context.write(new Text(newKey), new Text(fileKey + ":" + String.valueOf(sum)));
        }
    }

    /*
     * Recuder类
     *
     *     输入<word, filename:values>格式，如<hello, a.txt:2>
     *                                    <hello, b.txt:1>
     *
     *     输出<word, filename1:values;filename2:values>格式,如<hello, a.txt:2;b.txt:1>
     */
    public static class InvertedIndexReducer extends Reducer<Text, Text, Text, Text> {

        @Override
        protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<Text> values, Reducer<Text, Text, Text, Text>.Context context)
                throws IOException, InterruptedException {

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

            //聚合同一单词出现在的文件及出现次数
            for(Text val : values) {
                sb.append(val.toString() + ";");
            }
            context.write(key, new Text(sb.toString()));

        }
    }

    //指定输入输出路径
    private static final String FILE_IN_PATH  = "hdfs://0.0.0.0:xxx/hadoop/invertedindex/input";
    private static final String FILE_OUT_PATH = "hdfs://0.0.0.0:xxx/hadoop/invertedindex/output"; 

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        Configuration conf = new Configuration();

        //删除已经存在的输出路径
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI(FILE_OUT_PATH), conf);
        if (fs.exists(new Path(FILE_OUT_PATH))) {
            fs.delete(new Path(FILE_OUT_PATH), true);
        }

        Job job = Job.getInstance(conf, "InvertedIndex");
        job.setJarByClass(InvertedIndex.class);
        job.setMapperClass(InvertedIndexMapper.class);
        job.setCombinerClass(InvertedIndexCombiner.class);
        job.setReducerClass(InvertedIndexReducer.class);

        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(Text.class);

        FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(FILE_IN_PATH));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(FILE_OUT_PATH));

        System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);

    }
}

/*
 * 工具类
 *     获取文件路径
 */
class StringUtil {

    /*
     * 获取文件路径名
     */
    public static String getShortPath(String filePath) {
        if (filePath.length() == 0) {
            return filePath;
        }
        return filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
    }

    /*
     * 根据regex分割str，并返回index位置的值
     */
    public static String getSplitByIndex(String str, String regex, int index) {
        String[] splits = str.split(regex);
        if (splits.length < index) {
            return "";
        }
        return splits[index];
    }
}