1    vector构造函数：也就是如何对一个vector对象进行初始化
////////////////////////////代码////////////////////////////////////// 
explicit vector ( const Allocator& = Allocator() ); 
explicit vector ( size_type n, const T& value= T(), const Allocator& = Allocator() ); 
template <class InputIterator>

　　vector ( InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const Allocator& = Allocator() ); 
vector ( const vector<T,Allocator>& x ); 
////////////////////////////代码////////////////////////////////////// 
参数解释：n---初始化元素个数

　　　　　T---你所要添加进去的元素 
　　　　　first---容器第一个元素

　　　　   last---容器最后一个元素

　　　　　x---vector的一个引用 
示例： 
// constructing vectors 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  unsigned int i; 
 
  // constructors used in the same order as described above: 
  vector<int> first;            // 初始化一个int类型的空vector变量  
  vector<int> second (4,100);             // 初始化4个100 
  vector<int> third (second.begin(),second.end());   
  // 通过second 进行赋值 
  vector<int> fourth (third);               // a copy of third 
 
  // the iterator constructor can also be used to construct from arrays: 
  int myints[] = {16,2,77,29}; 
  vector<int> fifth (myints, myints + sizeof(myints) / sizeof(int) ); 
 
  cout << "The contents of fifth are:"; 
  for (i=0; i < fifth.size(); i++) 
    cout << " " << fifth[i]; 
 
  cout << endl;  
  return 0; 
} 
输出结果： 
The contents of fifth are: 16 2 77 29

2   vector::~vector 析构函数 
调用每一个元素对象的析构函数

下面是成员函数 
3   vector::assign 
template <class InputIterator> 
  void assign ( InputIterator first, InputIterator last ); 
 
  void assign ( size_type n, const T& u ); 
 
如　c.assign(beg,end)   //将[beg; end)区间中的数据赋值给c

　　c.assign(n,elem)     //将n个elem的拷贝赋值给c
 
示例： 
// vector assign 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  vector<int> first; 
  vector<int> second; 
  vector<int> third; 
 
  first.assign (7,100);             // a repetition 7 times of value 100 
 
  vector<int>::iterator it; 
  it=first.begin()+1; 
 
  second.assign (it,first.end()-1); // the 5 central values of first 
 
  int myints[] = {1776,7,4}; 
  third.assign (myints,myints+3);   // assigning from array. 
 
  cout << "Size of first: " << int (first.size()) << endl; 
  cout << "Size of second: " << int (second.size()) << endl; 
  cout << "Size of third: " << int (third.size()) << endl; 
  return 0; 
}  
输出结果 
Size of first: 7 
Size of second: 5 
Size of third: 3 
 
4   vector::at 
const_reference at ( size_type n ) const;  
reference at ( size_type n ); ---返回 vector 内的第n个值，相当于数组下标，从0开始

代码示例 
// vec.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. 
#include "stdafx.h" 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
    vector<int> myvector(10);//初始化10个为0的元素。 
    unsigned int i; 
    for (i = 0; i < myvector.size(); i ++) 
    { 
        myvector.at(i)=i; 
    } 
    cout << "myvector contains:"; 
    for (i=0; i<myvector.size(); i++) 
        cout << " " << myvector.at(i); 
     
    cout << endl;   
    return 0;    
} 
 
5   vector::back  
//返回最后一个元素，而不检查该元素是否存在

Returns a reference to the last element of the vector.

reference back( );

const_reference back( ) const;

Return Value

The last element of the vector. If the vector is empty, the return value is undefined.

Remarks

If the return value of back is assigned to a const_reference, the vector object cannot be modified. If the return value of back is assigned to a reference, the vector object can be modified.

Example

// vector_back.cpp

// compile with: /EHsc

#include <vector>

#include <iostream>

int main( )

{

   using namespace std;

   vector <int> v1;

   v1.push_back( 10 );

   v1.push_back( 11 );

   int& i = v1.back( );

   const int& ii = v1.front( );

   cout << "The last integer of v1 is " << i << endl;

   i--;

   cout << "The next-to-last integer of v1 is "<< ii << endl;

}

Output

The last integer of v1 is 11

The next-to-last integer of v1 is 10

6  vector::begin 
   iterator begin (); 
   const_iterator begin () const;

示例 
// vector::begin 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  vector<int> myvector; 
  for (int i=1; i<=5; i++)

　　myvector.push_back(i); 
 
  vector<int>::iterator it;  
  cout << "myvector contains:"; 
  for ( it=myvector.begin() ; it < myvector.end(); it++ ) 
    cout << " " << *it; 
 
  cout << endl;  
  return 0; 
} 
输出: 
myvector contains: 1 2 3 4 5

7   vector::capacity 
返回vector对象存储空间大小 
 
例子： 
// comparing size, capacity and max_size 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  vector<int> myvector; 
 
  // set some content in the vector: 
  for (int i=0; i<100; i++)

　　myvector.push_back(i); 
 
  cout << "size: " << (int) myvector.size() << "\n"; 
  cout << "capacity: " << (int) myvector.capacity() << "\n"; 
  cout << "max_size: " << (int) myvector.max_size() << "\n"; 
  return 0; 
} 
A possible output for this program could be: 
size: 100 
capacity: 141 
max_size: 1073741823

8   vector::clear 
清除对象内的所有元素，就是调用了析构函数，清空，然后为0 
 
示例 
// clearing vectors 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  unsigned int i; 
  vector<int> myvector; 
  myvector.push_back (100); 
  myvector.push_back (200); 
  myvector.push_back (300); 
 
  cout << "myvector contains:"; 
  for (i=0; i<myvector.size(); i++) cout << " " << myvector[i]; 
 
  myvector.clear(); 
  myvector.push_back (1101); 
  myvector.push_back (2202); 
 
  cout << "\nmyvector contains:"; 
  for (i=0; i<myvector.size(); i++) cout << " " << myvector[i]; 
 
  cout << endl; 
 
  return 0; 
} 
8   vector::empty 
bool empty () const; 判断vector对象时否为空。 
示例： 
// vector::empty 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  vector<int> myvector; 
  int sum (0); 
 
  for (int i=1;i<=10;i++) myvector.push_back(i); 
 
  while (!myvector.empty()) 
  { 
     sum += myvector.back(); 
     myvector.pop_back(); 
  } 
 
  cout << "total: " << sum << endl; 
   
  return 0; 
} 
9   vector::end 
iterator end (); 
const_iterator end () const; 
 
Returns an iterator referring to the past-the-end element in the vector container. 
Both iterator and const_iterator are member types. In the vector class template, these are random access iterators 
 
// test_vector.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。 
// 
 
#include "stdafx.h" 
#include <vector> 
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 
 
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) 
{ 
    vector<int> myvec; 
    for (int i=0;i<6;i++) 
    { 
        myvec.insert(myvec.end(),i); 
    } 
    cout<<"element"; 
    vector<int>::iterator it; 
    for (it=myvec.begin();it<myvec.end();it++) 
    { 
        cout<<" "<<(*it)<<endl; 
    } 
    return 0; 
} 
 
 
10  vector::erase 
 
iterator erase ( iterator position ); 
iterator erase ( iterator first, iterator last ); 
 
删除vector对象里的一个元素或者一个范围内的元素([first,last)). 
 
示例： 
// erasing from vector 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  unsigned int i; 
  vector<unsigned int> myvector; 
 
  // set some values (from 1 to 10) 
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) myvector.push_back(i); 
   
  // erase the 6th element 
  myvector.erase (myvector.begin()+5); 
 
  // erase the first 3 elements: 
  myvector.erase (myvector.begin(),myvector.begin()+3); 
 
  cout << "myvector contains:"; 
  for (i=0; i<myvector.size(); i++) 
    cout << " " << myvector[i]; 
  cout << endl; 
 
  return 0; 
} 
Output: 
myvector contains: 4 5 7 8 9 10 
 
11  vector::front 
 
  reference front ( ); 
const_reference front ( ) const; 
 
Returns a reference to the first element in the vector container. 
 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  vector<int> myvector; 
 
  myvector.push_back(78); 
  myvector.push_back(16); 
 
  // now front equals 78, and back 16 
 
  myvector.front() -= myvector.back(); 
 
  cout << "myvector.front() is now " << myvector.front() << endl; 
 
  return 0; 
} 
 
Output: 
myvector.front() is now 62 
12  vector::get_allocator 
allocator_type get_allocator() const; 
// test_vector.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。 
// 
 
#include "stdafx.h" 
#include <vector> 
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 
 
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) 
{ 
    vector<int> myvector; 
    int* p; 
    unsigned int i; 
 
    p=myvector.get_allocator().allocate(5); 
    for (int i=0;i<5;i++) 
    { 
        p[i]=i; 
    } 
    cout << "The allocated array contains:"; 
    for (i=0; i<5; i++) cout << " " << p[i]; 
    cout << endl; 
    myvector.get_allocator().deallocate(p,5); 
 
 
    return 0; 
} 
The allocated array contains: 0 1 2 3 4 
 
13  vector::insert 
iterator insert ( iterator position, const T& x ); 
    void insert ( iterator position, size_type n, const T& x ); 
template <class InputIterator> 
void insert ( iterator position, InputI  last ); 
// test_vector.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。 
// 
 
#include "stdafx.h" 
#include <vector> 
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 
 
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) 
{ 
    vector<int> myvector(3,100); 
    vector<int> ::iterator it; 
    it=myvector.begin(); 
    it=myvector.insert(it,200); 
    myvector.insert(it,2,300); 
 
    it=myvector.begin(); 
 
    vector<int> anothervector(2,400); 
    myvector.insert(it+2,anothervector.begin(),anothervector.end()); 
     
 
    int array[]={501,502,503}; 
    myvector.insert(myvector.begin(),array,array+3); 
 
    cout << "myvector contains:"; 
     
    for (vector<int>::iterator it=myvector.begin();it<myvector.end();it++) 
    { 
        cout<<" "<<*it; 
    } 
 
    return 0; 
 
} 
 
Output: 
myvector contains: 501 502 503 300 300 400 400 200 100 100 100 
14  vector::max_size 
size_type max_size () const; 
 
返回改容器能持有的最大元素数，看一下例子，查看区别 
 
// comparing size, capacity and max_size 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  vector<int> myvector; 
 
  // set some content in the vector: 
  for (int i=0; i<100; i++) myvector.push_back(i); 
 
  cout << "size: " << myvector.size() << "\n"; 
  cout << "capacity: " << myvector.capacity() << "\n"; 
  cout << "max_size: " << myvector.max_size() << "\n"; 
  return 0; 
} 
A possible output for this program could be: 
size: 100 
capacity: 141 
max_size: 1073741823 
15  vector::operator= 
 
vector<T,Allocator>& operator= (const vector<T,Allocator>& x); 
 
重载“=”操作符 
 
// vector assignment 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  vector<int> first (3,0); 
  vector<int> second (5,0); 
 
  second=first; 
  first=vector<int>(); 
 
  cout << "Size of first: " << int (first.size()) << endl; 
  cout << "Size of second: " << int (second.size()) << endl; 
  return 0; 
} 
输出结果： 
Size of first: 0 
Size of second: 3 
 
16  vector::operator[] 
  reference operator[] ( size_type n ); 
const_reference operator[] ( size_type n ) const; 
 
Returns a reference to the element at position n in the vector container. 
返回vector容器内位置为n的元素的引用 
和at（）函数相同的功能，就是at（）不在范围内会抛异常 
示例 
// test_vector.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。 
// 
 
#include "stdafx.h" 
#include <vector> 
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 
 
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) 
{ 
    vector<int> myvector(10); 
    unsigned int i; 
    vector<int> ::size_type size=myvector.size(); 
    for (i=0;i<10;i++) 
    { 
        myvector[i]=i; 
    } 
    for (i=0;i<size/2;i++) 
    { 
        int temp=myvector[size-1-i]; 
        myvector[size-1-i]=myvector[i]; 
        myvector[i]=temp; 
    } 
    for (i=0;i<10;i++) 
    { 
        cout<<" "<<myvector[i]; 
    } 
    cout<<endl; 
    return 0; 
} 
 
Output: 
myvector contains: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 
17  vector::pop_back 
void pop_back ( ); 
 
移出元素 
示例 
// vector::pop_back 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  vector<int> myvector; 
  int sum (0); 
  myvector.push_back (100); 
  myvector.push_back (200); 
  myvector.push_back (300); 
 
  while (!myvector.empty()) 
  { 
    sum+=myvector.back(); 
    myvector.pop_back(); 
  } 
 
  cout << "The elements of myvector summed " << sum << endl; 
 
  return 0; 
} 
输出结果：The elements of myvector summed 600 
18  vector::push_back 
void push_back ( const T& x ); 
 
在末尾处添加一个元素 
// vector::push_back 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  vector<int> myvector; 
  int myint; 
 
  cout << "Please enter some integers (enter 0 to end):\n"; 
 
  do { 
    cin >> myint; 
    myvector.push_back (myint); 
  } while (myint); 
 
  cout << "myvector stores " << (int) myvector.size() << " numbers.\n"; 
 
  return 0; 
} 
19  vector::rbegin 
 
reverse_iterator rbegin(); 
const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const; 
 
按照反序迭代输出 
示例 
 
// test_vector.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。 
// 
 
#include "stdafx.h" 
#include <vector> 
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 
 
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) 
{ 
    vector<int> myvector(10); 
    unsigned int i; 
    vector<int> ::size_type size=myvector.size(); 
    for (i=0;i<10;i++) 
    { 
        myvector[i]=i; 
    } 
    vector<int>::reverse_iterator it; 
    for (it=myvector.rbegin();it<myvector.rend();it ++) 
    { 
        cout<<" "<<*it; 
    } 
    cout<<endl; 
    return 0; 
} 
 
输出结果：9  8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 
 
20  vector::rend 
public member function 
      reverse_iterator rend(); 
const_reverse_iterator rend() const; 
 
 
代码 同上 
 
21  vector::reserve 
void reserve ( size_type n ); 
Request a change in capacity 
Requests that the capacity of the allocated storage space for the elements of the vector container be at least enough to hold n elements.    
 
示例 
// vector::reserve 
#include <iostream> 
#include <fstream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  vector<int> content; 
  size_t filesize; 
 
  ifstream file ("test.bin",ios::in|ios::ate|ios::binary); 
  if (file.is_open()) 
  { 
    filesize=file.tellg(); 
 
    content.reserve(filesize); 
 
    file.seekg(0); 
    while (!file.eof()) 
    { 
      content.push_back( file.get() ); 
    } 
 
    // print out content: 
    vector<int>::iterator it; 
    for (it=content.begin() ; it<content.end() ; it++) 
      cout << hex << *it; 
  } 
 
  return 0; 
} 
 
22  vector::resize 
 
void resize ( size_type sz, T c = T() ); 
 
// resizing vector 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  vector<int> myvector; 
 
  unsigned int i; 
 
  // set some initial content: 
  for (i=1;i<10;i++) myvector.push_back(i); 
 
  myvector.resize(5); 
  myvector.resize(8,100); 
  myvector.resize(12); 
 
  cout << "myvector contains:"; 
  for (i=0;i<myvector.size();i++) 
    cout << " " << myvector[i]; 
 
  cout << endl; 
 
  return 0; 
} 
myvector contains: 1 2 3 4 5 100 100 100 0 0 0 0 
 
23  vector::size 
size_type size() const; 
返回元素个数   
 
示例： 
// vector::size 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
int main () 
{ 
  vector<int> myints; 
  cout << "0. size: " << (int) myints.size() << endl; 
 
  for (int i=0; i<10; i++) myints.push_back(i); 
  cout << "1. size: " << (int) myints.size() << endl; 
 
  myints.insert (myints.end(),10,100); 
  cout << "2. size: " << (int) myints.size() << endl; 
 
  myints.pop_back(); 
  cout << "3. size: " << (int) myints.size() << endl; 
 
  return 0; 
} 
 
Output: 
0. size: 0 
1. size: 10 
2. size: 20 
3. size: 19 
24  vector::swap 
交换vector对象里的数据 
// swap vectors 
#include <iostream> 
#include <vector> 
using namespace std; 
 
main () 
{ 
  unsigned int i; 
  vector<int> first (3,100);   // three ints with a value of 100 
  vector<int> second (5,200);  // five ints with a value of 200 
 
  first.swap(second); 
 
  cout << "first contains:"; 
  for (i=0; i<first.size(); i++) cout << " " << first[i]; 
 
  cout << "\nsecond contains:"; 
  for (i=0; i<second.size(); i++) cout << " " << second[i]; 
 
  cout << endl; 
 
  return 0; 
Output: 
first contains: 200 200 200 200 200  
second contains: 100 100 100

参考链接：http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/7df54s3x(v=vs.71).aspx

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