Linux command ------ vi / vim

EDIT mode to GENERAL mode: press ESC

General mode: operate file

:q!    ：force to close the file but not save（file has been modified）

:wq! ：force to save and close the file

:q    : close the file but not save（file hasn't been modified）

:wq  : save and close the file

:w：save file

General mode to edit mode

i ：insert a charactor before cursor, and enter EDIT mode

a : insert a charactor after cursor, and enter EDIT mode

o : insert a new line backward, and enter EDIT mode

General mode: move cursor

) ：cursor move to the end of line

( ：cursor move to the beginning of line

G : cursor move to the last line of the file

gg : cursor move to the first line of the file

General mode: delete

dd ：delete(cut) the line where cursor is

D : delete the charactors in the back of cursor in a line, include the character of cursor

x,X：in the character of a line, x means "delete the character of cursor", X means "delete the character before cursor

General mode: OTHERS

u ：cancel the last operation

:/linux : search linux, then tap 'n' to search the next one

:?linux: search linux, then tap 'n' to search the next one

p : paste the stuff after the line of cursor

P : paste the stuff before the line of cursor

set nu：show row number

General mode: execute cmd without exit vi/vim

:!cmd
不退出vim 执行命令 cmd

:r !cmd
不退出vim执行命令cmd,并将cmd的输出内容插入当前文本中。

:shell
切换到shell里（此时并没有退出vim，可以理解成vim转入后台），你可以在shell中做任何操作，退出shell（比如用exit）后，会切换回原来的vim中

vim 的一些设置

linux环境下vim的初始化配置文件为.vimrc, 通常有两个，分别是系统版本和用户版本，前者不同发行版linux会有不同，一般位于/etc/vimrc，是整个系统vim的默认配置；后者位于~/.vimrc，是当前用户的vim配置，会覆盖系统配置。

vim ~/.vimrc

set tabstop=     " 设置当前用户 vim 使用中 tab 是四个空格"

set fencs=utf-,GB18030,ucs-bom,default,latin1   " 显示中文字符"

set nocompatible  "关闭vi兼容模式，可以启用方向键和Backspace"

syntax on         "自动语法高亮(对于编程语言中的关键字高亮需要下载相应的编程语言对应的"配色方案.vim文件""

colorscheme industry "选择industry.vim配色方案，文件在/usr/share/vim/vimxx/colors，推荐 industry、slate、murphy"

不需要执行 source ~/.vimrc 即可生效（执行了反而提示某些指令找不到，比如 syntax）