Nginx反向代理+负载均衡简单实现
一、基础环境：
负 载 机：A机器： 192.168.71.223
后端机器1：B机器：192.168.71.224
后端机器2：C机器：192.168.71.226
需求：
1）访问A机器的8080端口，反向代理到B机器的8080端口；
访问A机器的8088端口，反向代理到C机器的8088端口；
访问http://192.168.71.223:8090/ios，反向代理到B机器http://192.168.1.102:8090/ios/ 2）访问A机器的80端口，负载均衡到后端的两台机器B和C的80端口
二、安装配置：
1、三个机器共同执行：
1）编译安装nginx
yum install -y pcre* openssl* gcc gcc+
mkdir /opt/src && cd /opt/src
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz && tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz && cd nginx-1.8.0
useradd www -M -s /sbin/nologin #添加www用户，其中-M参数表示不添加用户家目录，-s参数表示指定shell类型
vi /opt/src/nginx-1.8.0/auto/cc/gcc
#CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g" #将这句注释掉 取消Debug编译模式 大概在179行
./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module #我们再配置下nginx编译参数
make && make install clean
2、机器A配置：
cd /opt/nginx/conf
vi nginx.conf
将配置改为：
worker_processes 2;
events {
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_send_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
client_header_timeout 600s;
client_body_timeout 600s;
client_max_body_size 100m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php;
gzip_vary on;
include vhosts/*.conf;
}
nginx.conf
ulimit -n 65535
mkdir vhosts && cd vhosts
vi 8080.conf
将配置改为：
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root /var/www/html;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http://192.168.71.224:8080;
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300; #跟后端服务器连接超时时间，发起握手等候响应时间
proxy_send_timeout 300; #后端服务器回传时间，就是在规定时间内后端服务器必须传完所有数据
proxy_read_timeout 600; #连接成功后等待后端服务器的响应时间，已经进入后端的排队之中等候处理
proxy_buffer_size 256k; #代理请求缓冲区,会保存用户的头信息以供nginx进行处理
proxy_buffers 4 256k; #同上，告诉nginx保存单个用几个buffer最大用多少空间
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k; #如果系统很忙时候可以申请最大的proxy_buffers
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k; #proxy缓存临时文件的大小
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}
8080.conf
server {
listen 8088;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root /var/www/html;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8088-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8088-error.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http://192.168.71.226:8088;
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}
8088.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root /var/www/html;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-error.log;
location /ios/ { #这种情况，这里一定要匹配的是/ios/，不能是/ios
proxy_pass http://192.168.71.224:8090; #一定要保证192.168.1.102机器8090端口站点目录下有ios目录！否则访问会报错404！
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}
8090.conf
upstream lb {
server 192.168.71.224:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; #max_fails = 3 为允许失败的次数，默认值为1
server 192.168.71.226:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; #fail_timeout = 30s 当max_fails次失败后，暂停将请求分发到该后端服务器的时间
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root /var/www/html;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-error.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http://lb;
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}
LB.conf
启动Nginx：
启动nginx：
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 检查配置是否正确 #如果报缺少某个日志文件，创建目录及文件就可以
nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx 启动nginx
3、机器B配置：
cd /opt/nginx/conf && cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
vi nginx.conf
将配置改为：
user www;
worker_processes 2; events {
worker_connections 65535;
} http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8; log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65; fastcgi_connect_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_send_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on; client_header_timeout 600s;
client_body_timeout 600s; client_max_body_size 100m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k; gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php;
gzip_vary on; include vhosts/*.conf;
}
nginx.conf
ulimit -n 65535
mkdir vhosts && cd vhosts
vi 8080.conf
将配置改为：
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
8080.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-error.log;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8090; #针对上面匹配ios的path代理，要保证站点目录/var/www/html/8080下有ios目录存在
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
8090.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-error.log;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
80.conf
启动nginx：
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 检查配置是否正确 #如果报缺少某个日志文件，创建目录及文件就可以
nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx 启动nginx
4、机器C配置：
cd /opt/nginx/conf && cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
vi nginx.conf
将配置改为：
user www;
worker_processes 2; events {
worker_connections 65535;
} http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8; log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65; fastcgi_connect_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_send_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on; client_header_timeout 600s;
client_body_timeout 600s; client_max_body_size 100m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k; gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php;
gzip_vary on; include vhosts/*.conf;
}
nginx.conf
ulimit -n 65535
mkdir vhosts && cd vhosts
vi 8080.conf
将配置改为：
server {
listen 8088;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8088-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8088-error.log;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8088;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
8088.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-error.log;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
80.conf
启动nginx：
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 检查配置是否正确 #如果报缺少某个日志文件，创建目录及文件就可以
nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx 启动nginx
5、创建访问目录：
机器B的目录结构为：
[root@localhost var]# tree www/
www/
└── html
├── 8080
│ └── index.html
├── 8090
│ ├── index.html
│ └── ios
│ └── index.html
└── index.html
echo '192.168.71.224:/var/www/html/' >> index.html
mkdir -p /var/www/html/8080
echo '192.168.71.224:/var/www/html/8080' >> /var/www/html/8080/index.html
mkdir -p /var/www/html/8090
echo '192.168.71.224/var/www/html/8090' >> /var/www/html/8090/index.html
mkdir -p /var/www/html/ios
echo 'http://192.168.71.224:8090/ios/' >> /var/www/html/8090/ios/index.html
chown www:www -R /var/www/html
机器C的目录结构为：
[root@localhost var]# tree www/
www/
└── html
├── 8088
│ └── index.html
└── index.html
mkdir -p /var/www/html/8088
echo '192.168.71.226:/var/www/html' >> index.html
echo '192.168.71.226:/var/www/html/8088/' >> /var/www/html/8080/index.html
chown www:www -R /var/www/html
6、验证：
1、访问http://192.168.71.223/显示的是：192.168.71.224:/var/www/html/，再刷新变为：192.168.71.226:/var/www/html
2、访问http://192.168.71.223:8080/显示的是：192.168.71.224:/var/www/html/8080
3、访问http://192.168.71.223:8088/显示的是：192.168.71.226:/var/www/html/8088/
4、访问http://192.168.71.223:8090/ios/显示的是：http://192.168.71.224:8090/ios/
参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5839698.html
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