最全SpringMVC具体演示样例实战教程

一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序

1.首先。导入SpringMVC须要的jar包。

2.加入Web.xml配置文件里关于SpringMVC的配置

<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->

  <servlet>

      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>

      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

      <init-param>

            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>

        </init-param>

        <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->

  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>

      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>

      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

  </servlet-mapping>

3.在src下加入springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?

xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">                    

    <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->

    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>

    <!-- don't handle the static resource -->

    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />

    <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->

    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"

            id="internalResourceViewResolver">

        <!-- 前缀 -->

        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />

        <!-- 后缀 -->

        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />

    </bean>

</beans>

4.在WEB-INF目录下创建名为jsp的目录，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp。在body中加入“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，例如以下所看到的

6.编写Controller代码

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/mvc")

public class mvcController {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")

    public String hello(){

        return "hello";

    }

}

7.启动server。键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

二、配置解析

1.Dispatcherservlet

DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件里的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，根据对应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理。是配置spring MVC的第一步。

2.InternalResourceViewResolver

视图名称解析器

3.以上出现的注解

@Controller 负责注冊一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定能够处理哪些 URL 请求

三、SpringMVC经常使用注解

@Controller

负责注冊一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping

注解为控制器指定能够处理哪些 URL 请求

@RequestBody

该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把对应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的參数上

@ResponseBody

该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后。写入到Response对象的body数据区

@ModelAttribute

在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前。会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

在方法的入參前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：能够从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象。再将请求參数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入參将方法入參对象加入到模型中

@RequestParam

在处理方法入參处使用 @RequestParam 能够把请求參数传递给请求方法

@PathVariable

绑定 URL 占位符到入參

@ExceptionHandler

注解到方法上。出现异常时会运行该方法

@ControllerAdvice

使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法能够处理全部Controller发生的异常

四、自己主动匹配參数

//match automatically

    @RequestMapping("/person")

    public String toPerson(String name,double age){

        System.out.println(name+" "+age);

        return "hello";

    }

五、自己主动装箱

1.编写一个Person实体类

package test.SpringMVC.model;

public class Person {

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    public int getAge() {

        return age;

    }

    public void setAge(int age) {

        this.age = age;

    }

    private String name;

    private int age;

}

2.在Controller里编写方法

//boxing automatically

    @RequestMapping("/person1")

    public String toPerson(Person p){

        System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());

        return "hello";

    }

六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的參数

//the parameter was converted in initBinder

    @RequestMapping("/date")

    public String date(Date date){

        System.out.println(date);

        return "hello";

    }

    //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"

    @InitBinder

    public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){

        binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),

                true));

    }

七、向前台传递參数

//pass the parameters to front-end

    @RequestMapping("/show")

    public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){

        Person p =new Person();

        map.put("p", p);

        p.setAge(20);

        p.setName("jayjay");

        return "show";

    }

前台可在Request域中取到”p”

八、使用Ajax调用

//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax

    @RequestMapping("/getPerson")

    public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){

        pw.write("hello,"+name);

    }

    @RequestMapping("/name")

    public String sayHello(){

        return "name";

    }

前台用以下的Jquery代码调用

$(function(){

              $("#btn").click(function(){

                  $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){

                      alert(data);

                  });

              });

          });

九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

//redirect

    @RequestMapping("/redirect")

    public String redirect(){

        return "redirect:hello";

    }

十、文件上传

1.须要导入两个jar包

2.在SpringMVC配置文件里增加

<!-- upload settings -->

    <bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">

        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>

    </bean>

3.方法代码

@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)

    public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{

        MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;

        MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");

        String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();

        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");

        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+

                "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));

        fos.write(file.getBytes());

        fos.flush();

        fos.close();

        return "hello";

    }

4.前台form表单

<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

          <input type="file" name="file"><br>

          <input type="submit" value="submit">

      </form>

十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定參数的name

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/test")

public class mvcController1 {

    @RequestMapping(value="/param")

    public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,

            @RequestParam(value="name")String name){

        System.out.println(id+" "+name);

        return "/hello";

    }

}

十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

1.RestController

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/rest")

public class RestController {

    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)

    public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        System.out.println("get"+id);

        return "/hello";

    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)

    public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        System.out.println("post"+id);

        return "/hello";

    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)

    public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        System.out.println("put"+id);

        return "/hello";

    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)

    public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        System.out.println("delete"+id);

        return "/hello";

    }

}

2.form表单发送put和delete请求

在web.xml中配置

<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->

  <filter>

      <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>

      <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>

  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>

      <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>

      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

  </filter-mapping>

在前台能够用下面代码产生请求

<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">

        <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">

        <input type="submit" value="put">

    </form>

    <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">

        <input type="submit" value="post">

    </form>

    <form action="rest/user/1" method="get">

        <input type="submit" value="get">

    </form>

    <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">

        <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">

        <input type="submit" value="delete">

    </form>

十三、返回json格式的字符串

1.导入下面jar包

2.方法代码

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/json")

public class jsonController {

    @ResponseBody

    @RequestMapping("/user")

    public  User get(){

        User u = new User();

        u.setId(1);

        u.setName("jayjay");

        u.setBirth(new Date());

        return u;

    }

}

十四、异常的处理

1.处理局部异常（Controller内）

@ExceptionHandler

    public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){

        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");

        mv.addObject("exception", ex);

        System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");

        return mv;

    }

    @RequestMapping("/error")

    public String error(){

        int i = 5/0;

        return "hello";

    }

2.处理全局异常（全部Controller）

@ControllerAdvice

public class testControllerAdvice {

    @ExceptionHandler

    public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){

        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");

        mv.addObject("exception", ex);

        System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");

        return mv;

    }

}

3.还有一种处理全局异常的方法

在SpringMVC配置文件里配置

<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">

        <property name="exceptionMappings">

            <props>

                <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>

            </props>

        </property>

    </bean>

error是出错页面

十五、设置一个自己定义拦截器

1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    @Override

    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,

            HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)

            throws Exception {

        System.out.println("afterCompletion");

    }

    @Override

    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,

            Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {

        System.out.println("postHandle");

    }

    @Override

    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,

            Object arg2) throws Exception {

        System.out.println("preHandle");

        return true;

    }

}

2.在SpringMVC的配置文件里配置

<!-- interceptor setting -->

    <mvc:interceptors>

        <mvc:interceptor>

            <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>

            <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>

        </mvc:interceptor>

    </mvc:interceptors>

3.拦截器运行顺序

十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化

1.导入Hibernate-validate须要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

public class User {

    public int getId() {

        return id;

    }

    public void setId(int id) {

        this.id = id;

    }

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    public Date getBirth() {

        return birth;

    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {

        this.birth = birth;

    }

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";

    }

    private int id;

    @NotEmpty

    private String name;

    @Past

    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")

    private Date birth;

}

ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

 <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">

        id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>

        name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>

        birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>

        <input type="submit" value="submit">

    </form:form>

ps:path相应name

4.Controller中代码

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/form")

public class formController {

    @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)

    public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){

        if(br.getErrorCount()>0){

            return "addUser";

        }

        return "showUser";

    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)

    public String add(Map<String,Object> map){

        map.put("user",new User());

        return "addUser";

    }

}

ps:

1.由于jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个”user”.

2.@Valid 表示依照在实体上标记的注解验证參数

3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显

5.错误信息自己定义

在src文件夹下加入locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty

Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value

DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong

typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong

typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

在SpringMVC配置文件里配置

<!-- configure the locale resource -->

    <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">

        <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>

    </bean>

6.国际化显示

在src下加入locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号

password=密码

locale.properties中加入

username=user name

password=password

创建一个locale.jsp

<body>

    <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>

    <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>

  </body>

在SpringMVC中配置

 <!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->

    <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪问

最后，訪问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和password的语言也切换了

十七、压轴大戏–整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合。并创建各类

2.User实体类

public class User {

    public int getId() {

        return id;

    }

    public void setId(int id) {

        this.id = id;

    }

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    public Date getBirth() {

        return birth;

    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {

        this.birth = birth;

    }

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";

    }

    private int id;

    @NotEmpty

    private String name;

    @Past

    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")

    private Date birth;

}

3.UserService类

@Component

public class UserService {

    public UserService(){

        System.out.println("UserService Constructor.../n/n/n/n/n/n");

    }

    public void save(){

        System.out.println("save");

    }

}

4.UserController

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/integrate")

public class UserController {

    @Autowired

    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("/user")

    public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){

        System.out.println(u);

        userService.save();

        return "hello";

    }

}

5.Spring配置文件

在src文件夹下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?

>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/util

http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

        "

        xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"

        xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

        >

    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">

        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>

        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>

    </context:component-scan>

</beans>

在Web.xml中加入配置

<!-- configure the springIOC -->

  <listener>

      <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>

  </listener>

  <context-param>

    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>

  </context-param>

6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置。防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->

    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">

        <context:include-filter type="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>

        <context:include-filter type="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>

    </context:component-scan>

十八、SpringMVC具体执行流程图

十九、SpringMVC与struts2的差别

1、springmvc基于方法开发的。struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中仅仅包含了一个method。方法运行结束，形參数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。

2、springmvc能够进行单例开发，而且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收參数，无法使用单例，仅仅能使用多例。

3、经过实际測试。struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，假设使用struts建议使用jstl。