Ubuntu 安装 Redis

1. 下载并安装 redis 2.6.16版

sudo mkdir /usr/local/src/Redis

cd /usr/local/src/Redis

sudo wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-2.6.16.tar.gz

tar -zxf redis-2.6.16.tar.gz
cd redis-2.6.16

sudo make

2. 检验编译是否正确

sudo make test

sounion@ubuntu:/usr/local/src/redis-2.6.16$ make test
cd src && make test
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/redis-2.6.16/src'
You need tcl 8.5 or newer in order to run the Redis test
make[1]: *** [test] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/redis-2.6.16/src'
make: *** [test] Error 2

安装 tcl 8.5 后可以解决上述编译错误。

sounion@ubuntu:/usr/local/src/redis-2.6.16$ sudo apt-get install tcl
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
tdb-tools
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
tcl8.5
Suggested packages:
tclreadline
The following NEW packages will be installed:
tcl tcl8.5
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 565 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,102 kB of archives.
After this operation, 3,862 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main tcl8.5 amd64 8.5.11-1ubuntu1 [1,098 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main tcl all 8.5.0-2 [4,690 B]
Fetched 1,102 kB in 3s (303 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package tcl8.5.
(Reading database ... 199470 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking tcl8.5 (from .../tcl8.5_8.5.11-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package tcl.
Unpacking tcl (from .../archives/tcl_8.5.0-2_all.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up tcl8.5 (8.5.11-1ubuntu1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/tclsh8.5 to provide /usr/bin/tclsh (tclsh) in auto mode.
Setting up tcl (8.5.0-2) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/tclsh-default to provide /usr/bin/tclsh (tclsh) in auto mode.
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place

3. 手工启动redis，测试redis是否运行正常

a)执行命令手工启动redis server: 该命令将使用缺省参数

./src/redis-server

b)检查进程是否有Redis了：ps aux | grep redis，可以看见进程列表中有一个叫“src/redis-server”的进程了

sounion@ubuntu:~/Desktop$ ps aux | grep redis
sounion 65350 0.0 0.0 35024 1960 pts/1 Sl+ 07:28 0:00 ./src/redis-server
sounion 65441 0.0 0.0 13584 916 pts/4 S+ 07:31 0:00 grep --color=auto redis

c) 启动redis自带的客户端，进行测试：
        # src/redis-cli -- 启动客户端并连接本地Redis
        # set foo bar -- 提示 “ok”说明设置键值正常。
        # get foo -- 能够提示返回正确的“bar”，说明运行正常。
        # quit -- 退出客户端

sounion@ubuntu:/usr/local/src/redis-2.6.16$ ./src/redis-cli
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> set foo bar
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> get foo
"bar"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> quit

d) 如果希望使用自己的 redis.conf 配置文件，可以使用如下命令：

./src/redis-server /path/to/redis.conf

e) 如果希望额外覆盖 redis.conf 配置文件中的某些参数，可以直接在命令行中使用参数：

./src/redis-server /etc/redis.conf --loglevel debug

./sr/redis-server --port 9999 --slaveof 127.0.0.1 6379

4. 开启多个redis 服务器实例

一台Redis服务器，分成多个节点，每个节点分配一个端口（6380，6381…），默认端口是6379。

如果已经开启了一个redis 服务实例，再次执行 ./src/redis-server 会产生如下错误

sounion@ubuntu:/usr/local/src/redis-2.6.16$ sudo ./src/redis-server
[347] 19 Apr 07:47:00.859 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use ./src/redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
[347] 19 Apr 07:47:00.861 * Max number of open files set to 10032
[347] 19 Apr 07:47:00.861 # Opening port 6379: bind: Address already in use

每个节点对应一个Redis配置文件，如：redis6380.conf、redis6381.conf

cp redis.conf redis6380.conf

vi redis6380.conf

pidfile : pidfile/var/run/redis/redis_6380.pid

port 6380

logfile : logfile/var/log/redis/redis_6380.log

rdbfile : dbfilenamedump_6380.rdb

启动多个redis实例：

./src/redis-server /usr/local/redis/redis6380.conf

./src/redis-server /usr/local/redis/redis6381.conf

5、安装 redis-server

如果只是偶尔测试使用，可以使用 ./src/redis-server 方式直接启动。

但是如果是生产环境，需要进行 redis-server 安装部署。

命令：

cd /us/local/src/redis-2.6.16//utils

sudo ./install_server.sh

这个悲催的install_server.sh 命令必须在进入 utils 目录后再执行！

因为它的脚本写法以来一些相对目录路径！

sounion@ubuntu:/usr/local/src/redis-2.6.16/utils$ sudo ./install_server.sh
Welcome to the redis service installer
This script will help you easily set up a running redis server
Please select the redis port for this instance: [6379]
Selecting default: 6379
Please select the redis config file name [/etc/redis/6379.conf]
Selected default - /etc/redis/6379.conf
Please select the redis log file name [/var/log/redis_6379.log]
Selected default - /var/log/redis_6379.log
Please select the data directory for this instance [/var/lib/redis/6379]
Selected default - /var/lib/redis/6379
Please select the redis executable path [] /usr/local/src/redis-2.6.16/src/redis-server
s#^port [0-9]{4}$#port 6379#;s#^logfile .+$#logfile /var/log/redis_6379.log#;s#^dir .+$#dir /var/lib/redis/6379#;s#^pidfile .+$#pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid#;s#^daemonize no$#daemonize yes#;
Copied /tmp/6379.conf => /etc/init.d/redis_6379
Installing service...
update-rc.d: warning: /etc/init.d/redis_6379 missing LSB information
update-rc.d: see <http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts>
Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/redis_6379 ...
/etc/rc0.d/K20redis_6379 -> ../init.d/redis_6379
/etc/rc1.d/K20redis_6379 -> ../init.d/redis_6379
/etc/rc6.d/K20redis_6379 -> ../init.d/redis_6379
/etc/rc2.d/S20redis_6379 -> ../init.d/redis_6379
/etc/rc3.d/S20redis_6379 -> ../init.d/redis_6379
/etc/rc4.d/S20redis_6379 -> ../init.d/redis_6379
/etc/rc5.d/S20redis_6379 -> ../init.d/redis_6379
Success!
Starting Redis server...
Installation successful!

6、添加到开机启动

如果进行了上述生产环境安装，则不再需要手动添加开机启动。

否则，需要修改

sudo vim /etc/rc.local

添加 /usr/local/src/redis-2.6.16/src/redis-server redis.conf

7、修改redis配置

如果 vm.overcommit_memory=0, 则在低内存状态时，后台redis 保存服务可能会失败。

需要修改配置文件/etc/sysctl.conf 添加 vm.overcommit_memory=1 然后重新启动使之生效。

刷新配置生效 sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1

补充介绍

如果内存情况比较紧张的话，需要设定内核参数： /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory

这里说一下这个配置的含义：

/proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory

该文件指定了内核针对内存分配的策略，其值可以是0、1、2。

0，表示内核将检查是否有足够的可用内存供应用进程使用；如果有足够的可用内存，内存申请允许；否则，内存申请失败，并把错误返回给应用进程。

1，表示内核允许分配所有的物理内存，而不管当前的内存状态如何。

2，表示内核允许分配超过所有物理内存和交换空间总和的内存