<Effective Django>读书笔记
- In Django parlance, a project is the final product, and it assembles one or more applications together.
- Manage.py is a pointer back to Django-admin.py with an environment variable set, pointing to your project as the one to read settings from and operate on when needed
- Settings.py is where you’ll configure your project. It has a few sensible defaults, but no database chosen when you start.
- Urls.py contains the URL to view mappings.
- Wsgi.py is a WSGI wrapper for your application.
- Beginning in Django 1.4, apps are placed alongside project packages.
- Models.py will contain the Django ORM models for your app.
- Views.py will contain the View code
- Tests.py will contain the unit and integration tests you write
- Django models map to a database table, and provide a place to encapsulate business logic. All models subclass the base Model
- The INSTALLED_APPS setting lists the applications that the project uses. These are listed as strings that map to Python packages. Django will import each and looks for a models there.
- By default Django will name your tables using a combination of the application name and model name.
- Django adds an id field as the primary key for your model, unless you specify a primary key.
- The syncdb manage command creates the tables in your database from models.
- The model Manager allows you to operate on the collection of instanes: querying, creating, etc
- Write unit tests for methods you add to the model
- The test manage command runs the unit tests.
- Django Views take an HTTP Request and return an HTTP Response to the user.
- Any Python callable can be a view. The only hard and fast requirement is that it takes the request object (customarily named request) as its first argument.
- Generic Views have always provided some basic functionality: render a template, redirect, create or edit a model.
- The URL configuration tells Django how to match a request’s path to your Python code. Django looks for the URL configuration, defined as urlpatterns, in the urls.py file in your project.
- By default Django will look for templates in applications, as well as in directories you specify in settings.TEMPLATE_DIRS.
- Most generic views that do form processing have the concept of the “success URL”: where to redirect the user when the form is successfully submitted.
- The collection of values available to a template when it’s rendered is referred to as the Context. The Context is a combination of information supplied by the view and information from context processors
- Django has two tools that are helpful for writing unit tests for views: the Test Client and the RequestFactory
- The TestClient takes a URL to retrieve, and resolves it against your project’s URL configuration. It then creates a test request, and passes that request through your view, returning the Response.
- Django supports adding static files at both the application and project level. Where you add them sort of depends on how tied to your specific assembly of apps they are.
- App specific static files are stored in the static subdirectory within the app. Django will also look in any directories listed in the STATIFFILES_DIRS setting.
- Django distinguishes between static site files, and user upload media.
- The staticfiles app is included to help manage static files and serve them during development.
- Static files can be included with apps, or with the project.
- Templates can extend one another, using block tags.
- A Django Form is responsible for taking some user input, validating it, and turning it into Python objects.
- Initial is a dictionary of values that will be used as the default values for an unbound form
- Forms have two different phases of validation: field and form. All the fields are validated and converted to Python objects (if possible) before form validation begins.
- Form validation takes place in a form’s clean() method
- Forms take user input, validate it, and convert it to Python objects.
- Django provides 3 types of fields for relating objects to each other: ForeignKey for creating one to many relationships, ManyToManyField for relating many to many, and OneToOneField for creating a one to one relationship.
- A FormSet is an object that manages multiple copies of the same Form(or ModelForm) in a single page.
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