flask之web网关、三件套、配置、路由（参数、转化器及自定义转化器）、cbv、模板语言、session

目录

• 1.wsgiref.py
• 2.werzeug.py
• 3.三件套
• 4.配置文件
• 5.路由本质
• 6.cbv.py
• 7.路由转化器
• 8.自定义转化器
• 9.模板语言
• 10.session原理
• 11.templatess

1.wsgiref.py

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

def mya(environ, start_response):
    print(environ)
    print(start_response)
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
    if environ.get('PATH_INFO') == '/index':
        with open(r'index.html', 'rb') as f:

            data = f.read()

    elif environ.get('PATH_INFO') == '/login':
        with open('login.html', 'rb') as f:
            data = f.read()
    else:
        data = b'<h1>Hello, web!</h1>'
    #     返回数据，用列表的方式
    return [data]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    myserver = make_server('', 8011, mya)
    print('监听8011')
    myserver.serve_forever()
#     http://127.0.0.1:8011/index

2.werzeug.py

from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response

@Request.application
def hello(request):
    print(request)
    return Response('Hello World!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
    # run_simple('127.0.0.1', 4000, hello)
    run_simple('localhost',4000,hello)

3.三件套

from flask import Flask,render_template,redirect,jsonify,request
app=Flask(__name__)

'''
1 返回字符串
2 返回模板：render_template
3 跳转：redirect
4 json返回

'''

@app.route("/")
def index():

    return "ojbk"

@app.route("/index")
def index1():
    return render_template("index.html")

@app.route("/home")
def home():
    return redirect("/index")

@app.route("/json")
def json1():
    data_dic={'name':"jason",'age':38}
    return jsonify(data_dic)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

4.配置文件

from  flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
#方式一
# 只能配置下面俩个
# app.debug=True
# app.secret_key="asdjja"
#方式二，以字典的形式
# app.config['DEBUG']=True
#方式三 ，以文件的形式
app.config.from_pyfile("settings.py")
#方式四 ，以类的形式（*****）
# app.config.from_object("settings.test")

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return "fdsfk"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

#settings.py
# DEBUG=True

class comment:
    DEBUG = True

class test(comment):
    pass

class onlin(comment):
    pass

5.路由本质

from  flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

# @app.route("/") #@decorator
def index():
    return "ok"

app.add_url_rule("/index", view_func=index)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

6.cbv.py

from  flask import Flask,views,url_for
app = Flask(__name__)

#简单模式

# class IndexView(views.View):
#     methods = ['GET']
#     #给dispatch_request加装饰器
#     #decorators = [login, ]
#     def dispatch_request(self):
#         print('Index')
#         return 'Index!'
#     def post(self):
#         pass
#     def get(self):
#         pass
#
# app.add_url_rule('/index1', view_func=IndexView.as_view(name='index1'))  # name=endpoint
#相当于app.add_url_rule('/index2', view_func=view) view.__name__=index1

#或者，通常用此方式
class IndexView(views.MethodView):
        methods = ['GET']
        # decorators = [auth, ]

        def get(self):
            return 'Index.GET'

        def post(self):
            return 'Index.POST'
app.add_url_rule('/index', view_func=IndexView.as_view(name='index'))  # name=endpoint

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

7.路由转化器

from  flask import Flask,views,url_for, redirect
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/index/",endpoint='a',methods=["POST","GET"],strict_slashes=True)
def index():
    print(url_for('b'))
    return redirect(url_for('b'))

@app.route('/inde1/', endpoint='b')
def index():
    return 'hahha'
@app.route("/index2")
def index2():
    return "吃饭去了"

if __name__ == '__main__':

    app.run()

8.自定义转化器

#1 写类，继承BaseConverter
#2 注册：app.url_map.converters['regex'] = RegexConverter
# 3 使用：@app.route('/index/<regex("\d+"):nid>')  正则表达式会当作第二个参数传递到类中
from flask import Flask, views, url_for
from werkzeug.routing import BaseConverter

app = Flask(import_name=__name__)

class RegexConverter(BaseConverter):
    """
    自定义URL匹配正则表达式
    """
    def __init__(self, map, regex):
        super(RegexConverter, self).__init__(map)
        self.regex = regex

    def to_python(self, value):
        """
        路由匹配时，匹配成功后传递给视图函数中参数的值
        """
        return int(value)+123

    def to_url(self, value):
        """
        使用url_for反向生成URL时，传递的参数经过该方法处理，返回的值用于生成URL中的参数
        """
        val = super(RegexConverter, self).to_url(value)
        return val+"json"
# 添加到flask中
app.url_map.converters['regex'] = RegexConverter
@app.route('/index/<regex("\d+"):nid>')
def index(nid):
    print(nid)
    print(url_for('index', nid='888'))
    return 'Index'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

9.模板语言

from  flask import Flask,render_template,Markup
app = Flask(__name__)

USERS = {
    1:{'name':'张三','age':18,'gender':'男','text':"道路千万条"},
    2:{'name':'李四','age':28,'gender':'男','text':"安全第一条"},
    3:{'name':'王五','age':18,'gender':'女','text':"行车不规范"},
}

def func1(flag):
    return Markup(f"<h1>jason dsb ?{flag}</h1>" )

@app.route("/index")
def index():
    data=USERS
    flag=True
    htm="<h1>jason dsb</h1>"
    return render_template("index1.html",data=data,flag=flag,name="sb",name1="sb1",htm=htm,func=func1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

10.session原理

from  flask import Flask,session
app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key="sdasjdiashdiah"
app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_NAME"]="jason"

# app.session_interface

@app.route("/")
def index():
    session['name']="jason"
    return "ok"

@app.route("/index")
def index1():
    print(session['name'])
    return "123"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

11.templatess

<!-- detail.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>详细信息 {{info.name}}</h1>
    <div>
        {{info.text}}
    </div>
</body>
</html>

<!--index.html-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>用户列表</h1>
    <table>
        {% for k,v in user_dict.items() %}
        <tr>
            <td>{{k}}</td>
            <td>{{v.name}}</td>
            <td>{{v['name']}}</td>
            <td>{{v.get('name')}}</td>
            <td><a href="{{url_for('detail',nid=k)}}">查看详细</a></td>
        </tr>
        {% endfor %}
    </table>
</body>
</html>
<!--index1.html-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

</head>
<body>
 {% for k,v in data.items() %}
        <tr>
            <td>{{k}}</td>
            <td>{{v.name}}</td>
            <td>{{v['name']}}</td>
            <td>{{v.get('name')}}</td>
            <td><a href="/detail/{{k}}">查看详细</a></td>
        </tr>
{% endfor %}

{% if flag %}
    {{name}}
{% else %}
    {{name1}}
{% endif %}
 <br>

{{htm|safe}}

{{func("yes")}}

</body>
</html>
<!--login.html-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>用户登录</h1>
    <form method="post">
        <input type="text" name="user">
        <input type="text" name="pwd">
        <input type="submit" value="登录">{{error}}
    </form>
</body>
</html>