Silverlight 样式的灵活使用
众所周知,Silverlight将界面设计与代码实现分开。即便如此,如果不能灵活地运用样式Style,开发的效率依然会比较低。比如,针对类似的TextBlock,你可能需要反复地在设计器xaml中复制粘贴很多行设计器代码。但如果开发人员掌握了样式的使用,可以一次设计,到处使用。
(一)获取一个控件的样式Style文件
这里以FloatableWindow控件为例
(1)打开一个继承自FloatableWindow的控件OverlapControl的设计器文件OverlapControl.xaml,在菜单栏中点击”视图->在Blend中打开“(View->Open in Blend),如下如所示

(2)打开Blend之后,在Object and Timeline视图中,右键"FloatableWindow",并选择“Edit Template->Create Empty”,创建新一个新的资源字典ResourceDictionary.xaml:

(3)假如该控件没有与任何ResourceDictionary文件关联,则需要新建一个资源字典文件ResourceDictionary:

(4)修改资源字典文件的名称,点击“确定”(OK),如此,就可以在当前目录看到创建的资源字典文件FloatableWindowStyle.xaml


此时,在OverlapControl.xaml设计器文件中,会多上几行引用的代码:

(二)调整或设置控件的样式Style文件
此时,重新再Blend中打开OverlapControl.xaml或者打开FloatableWindowStyle.xaml,可以对FloatableWindow的样式进行调整,或者设置其对应的参数:
(1)打开编辑样式资源的开关:

(2)随后,在视图区中,可以看到FloatableWindow的简单视图:

(3)选中“属性”(Properties)选项卡,可以非常方便地设置该控件的参数:

(4)当然,开发人员也可以在设计器文件中直接调整参数的值,一下代码本人调整好后的代码:
<ResourceDictionary
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:windows="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Controls;assembly=FloatableWindow">
<!-- Resource dictionary entries should be defined here. -->
<LinearGradientBrush x:Key="HeaderBackgroundBrush" EndPoint="0,0" StartPoint="0,1">
<GradientStop Offset="0.0" Color="#92bfbe"/>
<GradientStop Offset="0.2" Color="#8dc5c4"/>
<GradientStop Offset="0.8" Color="#8dc5c4"/>
<GradientStop Offset="1.0" Color="#92bfbe"/>
</LinearGradientBrush> <SolidColorBrush x:Key="HeaderBorderBrush" Color="#ff9bb6b5" /> <Style x:Key="FloatableWindowStyle1" TargetType="windows:FloatableWindow"> <Setter Property="IsTabStop" Value="false"/>
<Setter Property="TabNavigation" Value="Cycle"/>
<Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Center"/>
<Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"/>
<Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Stretch"/>
<Setter Property="VerticalContentAlignment" Value="Stretch"/>
<Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1"/>
<Setter Property="BorderBrush">
<Setter.Value>
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.5,1" StartPoint="0.5,0">
<GradientStop Color="#FFA3AEB9" Offset="0"/>
<GradientStop Color="#FF8399A9" Offset="0.375"/>
<GradientStop Color="#FF718597" Offset="0.375"/>
<GradientStop Color="#FF617584" Offset="1"/>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
<Setter Property="OverlayBrush" Value="#7F000000"/>
<Setter Property="OverlayOpacity" Value="1"/>
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="windows:FloatableWindow">
<Grid x:Name="Root">
<Grid.Resources>
<Style x:Key="ButtonStyle" TargetType="Button">
<Setter Property="Background" Value="#FF1F3B53"/>
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#FF000000"/>
<Setter Property="Padding" Value="3"/>
<Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1"/>
<Setter Property="BorderBrush">
<Setter.Value>
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.5,1" StartPoint="0.5,0">
<GradientStop Color="#FFA3AEB9" Offset="0"/>
<GradientStop Color="#FF8399A9" Offset="0.375"/>
<GradientStop Color="#FF718597" Offset="0.375"/>
<GradientStop Color="#FF617584" Offset="1"/>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
<Grid x:Name="grid" Background="#02FFFFFF" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Height="14" VerticalAlignment="Center" Width="15">
<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates">
<VisualState x:Name="Normal"/>
<VisualState x:Name="MouseOver">
<Storyboard>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Visibility" Storyboard.TargetName="X_Fuzz2">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Visible"/>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Visibility" Storyboard.TargetName="X_Fuzz1">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Visible"/>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Visibility" Storyboard.TargetName="X_Fuzz0">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Visible"/>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0" To="0.95" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" Storyboard.TargetName="X"/>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="Pressed">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0" To="0.85" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" Storyboard.TargetName="X"/>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Visibility" Storyboard.TargetName="X_Fuzz2">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Visible"/>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Visibility" Storyboard.TargetName="X_Fuzz1">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Visible"/>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Visibility" Storyboard.TargetName="X_Fuzz0">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Visible"/>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="Disabled">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0" To="0.5" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" Storyboard.TargetName="X"/>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
</VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<Path x:Name="X_Fuzz2" Data="F1 M 6.742676,3.852539 L 9.110840,1.559570 L 8.910645,0.500000 L 6.838379,0.500000 L 4.902832,2.435547 L 2.967285,0.500000 L 0.895020,0.500000 L 0.694824,1.559570 L 3.062988,3.852539 L 0.527832,6.351563 L 0.689941,7.600586 L 2.967285,7.600586 L 4.897949,5.575195 L 6.854004,7.600586 L 9.115723,7.600586 L 9.277832,6.351563 L 6.742676,3.852539 Z" Fill="#14C51900" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Height="8" Margin="0,-1,0,0" Opacity="1" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5" Stretch="Fill" Stroke="#14C51900" Visibility="Collapsed" VerticalAlignment="Center" Width="9">
<Path.RenderTransform>
<TransformGroup>
<ScaleTransform ScaleY="1.3" ScaleX="1.3"/>
</TransformGroup>
</Path.RenderTransform>
</Path>
<Path x:Name="X_Fuzz1" Data="F1 M 6.742676,3.852539 L 9.110840,1.559570 L 8.910645,0.500000 L 6.838379,0.500000 L 4.902832,2.435547 L 2.967285,0.500000 L 0.895020,0.500000 L 0.694824,1.559570 L 3.062988,3.852539 L 0.527832,6.351563 L 0.689941,7.600586 L 2.967285,7.600586 L 4.897949,5.575195 L 6.854004,7.600586 L 9.115723,7.600586 L 9.277832,6.351563 L 6.742676,3.852539 Z" Fill="#1EC51900" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Height="8" Margin="0,-1,0,0" Opacity="1" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5" Stretch="Fill" Stroke="#1EC51900" Visibility="Collapsed" VerticalAlignment="Center" Width="9">
<Path.RenderTransform>
<TransformGroup>
<ScaleTransform ScaleY="1.1" ScaleX="1.1"/>
</TransformGroup>
</Path.RenderTransform>
</Path>
<Path x:Name="X_Fuzz0" Data="F1 M 6.742676,3.852539 L 9.110840,1.559570 L 8.910645,0.500000 L 6.838379,0.500000 L 4.902832,2.435547 L 2.967285,0.500000 L 0.895020,0.500000 L 0.694824,1.559570 L 3.062988,3.852539 L 0.527832,6.351563 L 0.689941,7.600586 L 2.967285,7.600586 L 4.897949,5.575195 L 6.854004,7.600586 L 9.115723,7.600586 L 9.277832,6.351563 L 6.742676,3.852539 Z" Fill="#FFC51900" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Height="8" Margin="0,-1,0,0" Opacity="1" Stretch="Fill" Stroke="#FFC51900" Visibility="Collapsed" VerticalAlignment="Center" Width="9"/>
<Path x:Name="X" Data="F1 M 6.742676,3.852539 L 9.110840,1.559570 L 8.910645,0.500000 L 6.838379,0.500000 L 4.902832,2.435547 L 2.967285,0.500000 L 0.895020,0.500000 L 0.694824,1.559570 L 3.062988,3.852539 L 0.527832,6.351563 L 0.689941,7.600586 L 2.967285,7.600586 L 4.897949,5.575195 L 6.854004,7.600586 L 9.115723,7.600586 L 9.277832,6.351563 L 6.742676,3.852539 Z" Fill="#FFFFFFFF" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Height="8" Margin="0,-1,0,0" Opacity="0.7" Stretch="Fill" VerticalAlignment="Center" Width="9">
<Path.Stroke>
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.5,1" StartPoint="0.5,0">
<GradientStop Color="#FF313131" Offset="1"/>
<GradientStop Color="#FF8E9092" Offset="0"/>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Path.Stroke>
</Path>
</Grid>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
</Grid.Resources>
<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="WindowStates">
<VisualState x:Name="Open">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames BeginTime="0" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" Storyboard.TargetName="Overlay">
<EasingDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="0"/>
<EasingDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00.3" Value="1"/>
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames BeginTime="0" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(RenderTransform).(Children)[0].ScaleX" Storyboard.TargetName="ContentRoot">
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="0"/>
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00.25" Value="0"/>
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00.4" Value="1"/>
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeySpline="0,0,0.5,1" KeyTime="00:00:00.45" Value="1.05"/>
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00.55" Value="1"/>
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames BeginTime="0" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(RenderTransform).(Children)[0].ScaleY" Storyboard.TargetName="ContentRoot">
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="0"/>
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00.25" Value="0"/>
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00.4" Value="1"/>
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeySpline="0,0,0.5,1" KeyTime="00:00:00.45" Value="1.05"/>
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00.55" Value="1"/>
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="Closed">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames BeginTime="0" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" Storyboard.TargetName="Overlay">
<EasingDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="1"/>
<EasingDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00.3" Value="0"/>
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames BeginTime="0" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(RenderTransform).(Children)[0].ScaleX" Storyboard.TargetName="ContentRoot">
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00.2" Value="1"/>
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00.25" Value="1.05"/>
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00.45" Value="0"/>
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames BeginTime="0" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(RenderTransform).(Children)[0].ScaleY" Storyboard.TargetName="ContentRoot">
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00.2" Value="1"/>
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00.25" Value="1.05"/>
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00.45" Value="0"/>
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
</VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<Grid x:Name="Overlay" Background="{TemplateBinding OverlayBrush}" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Margin="0" Opacity="{TemplateBinding OverlayOpacity}" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<Grid x:Name="ContentRoot" HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalAlignment}" Height="{TemplateBinding Height}" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5"
VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalAlignment}" Width="{TemplateBinding Width}">
<Grid.RenderTransform>
<TransformGroup>
<ScaleTransform/>
<SkewTransform/>
<RotateTransform/>
<TranslateTransform/>
</TransformGroup>
</Grid.RenderTransform> <Border BorderBrush="#14000000" BorderThickness="1" Background="#14000000" CornerRadius="2" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Margin="-1" VerticalAlignment="Stretch"/>
<Border BorderBrush="#0F000000" BorderThickness="1" Background="#0F000000" CornerRadius="2.25" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Margin="-2" VerticalAlignment="Stretch"/>
<Border BorderBrush="#0C000000" BorderThickness="1" Background="#0C000000" CornerRadius="2.5" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Margin="-3" VerticalAlignment="Stretch"/>
<Border BorderBrush="#0A000000" BorderThickness="1" Background="#0A000000" CornerRadius="2.75" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Margin="-4" VerticalAlignment="Stretch"/> <!--*********************************整个面板的边框***********************************-->
<Border BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" Background="#FFFFFFFF" CornerRadius="5">
<Border CornerRadius="1.5" Margin="0">
<Border.Background><!--面板背景色-->
<!--
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.5,1" StartPoint="0.5,0">
<GradientStop Color="#FFE5E8EB" Offset="1"/>
<GradientStop Color="#FFF6F8F9" Offset="0"/>
</LinearGradientBrush>
-->
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0.5,0" EndPoint="0.5,1">
<GradientStop Offset="0" Color="#FFffffff"/>
<GradientStop Offset="1.0" Color="#FFffffff"/>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
<Grid>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
<RowDefinition/>
</Grid.RowDefinitions> <!--*********************************标题框……边框***********************************-->
<Border x:Name="Chrome" BorderBrush="{StaticResource HeaderBorderBrush}" BorderThickness="1,1,1,1" Width="Auto" Background="{StaticResource HeaderBackgroundBrush}"> <Grid Height="Auto" Width="Auto">
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="30"/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <!--******************************************************标题***************************************-->
<ContentControl Content="{TemplateBinding Title}" FontWeight="Bold" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" IsTabStop="False"
Margin="6,3,6,3" VerticalAlignment="Center"/> <!--******************************************************关闭按钮***************************************-->
<Button x:Name="CloseButton" Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Height="14" IsTabStop="False" Cursor="Hand"
Style="{StaticResource ButtonStyle}" VerticalAlignment="Center" Width="15"/>
</Grid>
</Border> <!--******************************************************主要内容区域***************************************-->
<Border Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" Margin="7" Grid.Row="1">
<ContentPresenter x:Name="ContentPresenter" ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding ContentTemplate}" Content="{TemplateBinding Content}" HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}" VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"/>
</Border>
<!--******************************************************右下角 的透明三角形,控制伸缩***************************************-->
<Path x:Name="Resizer" Data="M15.499995,0.5 L15.499995,15.5 L0.5,15.5 z" Fill="#FFB1B1B1"
HorizontalAlignment="Right" Height="20" Opacity=".25" Grid.Row="1" Stretch="Fill" UseLayoutRounding="False"
VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Width="20"/>
</Grid>
</Border>
</Border>
</Grid>
</Grid>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
</ResourceDictionary>
FloatableWindowStyle.xaml
(5)简单地介绍一下如何设置一个控件的样式Style
首先设置一个标签<Style ></Style>,并设置一个x:Key,以作为引用的依据,并设置目标空间类型:TargetType。
利用如下的语句可以设置属性类型和属性值:
<Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Center"/>
通过自己的观察,可以研究其他类型的样式设计,比如色刷、渐变色等。
(三)引用控件的样式Style或样式文件
在“(一)(4)”中已经提到了资源字典文件ResourceDictionary的引用。此类文件,其实也是一种资源,与图片等资源的引用有些类似。
(1)比如,你在某一个工程下面设置了一个资源字典文件DropDownMenu.xaml,假如要在整个解决方案solution中引用,可以在App.xaml中做如下的引用

(2)如果开发者想在某一个控件中引用一个样式,可参考如下语句:
<TextBlock x:Name="tbkNews" Style="{StaticResource menuTextBlockStyle}"
MouseLeftButtonDown="tbkNews_MouseLeftButtonDown">
(3)如果给某一个窗口控件定义了样式,可参照如下的样式引用:
<controls:ChildWindow.Style>
<StaticResource ResourceKey="ChildWindowStyle"/>
</controls:ChildWindow.Style>
小结一下,Silverlight支持界面的灵活设计,其与底层逻辑剥离,比较容易实现。同时资源字典文件和样式的使用可以大大提高已有界面的重用行,进而提高开发效率。而要获取某一个空间的资源文件,Blend会是一个很好的工具。所以,将Blend与资源字典文件结合使用,一定可以大大丰富界面,提升开发的进度。
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