【MySQL】MySQL基础操作语句

　　mysql基础操作语句，包括数据库的增、删、切换，以及表的增、删、改、查、复制。

创建数据库

mysql> create database tem;

使用数据库

mysql> use tem;

删除数据库

mysql> drop database drop_test;

创建数据表

• student表

mysql> CREATE  TABLE  student (
    -> id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  ,
    -> name  VARCHAR(20)  NOT NULL ,
    -> sex  VARCHAR(4)  ,
    -> birth  YEAR,
    -> department  VARCHAR(20) ,
    -> address  VARCHAR(50)
    -> );

• 创建score表

mysql> CREATE  TABLE  score (
    -> id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  AUTO_INCREMENT ,
    -> stu_id  INT(10)  NOT NULL ,
    -> c_name  VARCHAR(20) ,
    -> grade  INT(10)
    -> );

插入表数据

• student表

mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 001,'RooneyMara', 'F',1985,'Psychology', 'American');
mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 002,'ChrisHemsworth', 'M',1983,'CS', 'Australia');
mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 003,'EllenPage', 'F',1987,'Music', 'Canada');
mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 004,'TomHolland', 'M',1996,'CS', 'England');
mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 005,'ScarlettJohansson', 'F',1984,'Music', 'American');
mysql> INSERT INTO student VALUES( 006,'BenedictCumberbatch','M',1976,'Psychology', 'England');

• score表

mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,001, 'Psychology',98);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,001, 'Music', 80);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,002, 'Psychology',65);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,002, 'CS',88);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,003, 'CS',95);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,004, 'Psychology',70);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,004, 'Music',92);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,005, 'Music',94);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,006, 'Psychology',90);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,006, 'Music',85);

查询表数据

查询student表中的全部数据

mysql> select * from student;

查询student表的第3条到5条记录

mysql> select * from student limit 2,3;　

查询student表的所有学生的id、name和department信息

mysql> select id,name,department from student;

查询student表中department为CS和Music的学生信息

mysql> select * from student where department in ('CS','Music');

查询student表中年龄为23~32岁的学生信息

mysql> select id,name,sex,2019-birth as age,department,address
    -> from student
    -> where 2019-birth between 23 and 32;

查询student表中每个department有多少人

mysql> select department,count(id) from student group by department;

查询score表中每个科目(c_name)的最高分(grade)

mysql> select c_name,max(grade) from score group by c_name;

查询‘RooneyMara’的科目（c_name）和成绩（grade）

mysql> select c_name,grade from score
    -> where stu_id=(select id from student where name='RooneyMara');

查询所有学生的信息和考试信息（用连接的方式）

mysql> select student.id,name,sex,birth,department,address,c_name,grade
    -> from student,score
    -> where student.id=score.stu_id;

计算每个学生的总成绩

mysql> select student.id,name,sum(grade) from student,score
    -> where student.id=score.stu_id
    -> group by id;

计算每个考试科目的平均成绩

mysql> select c_name,avg(grade) from score group by c_name;

查询Psychology成绩低于95的学生信息

mysql> select * from student
    -> where id in (
    -> select stu_id from score
    -> where c_name='Psychology' and grade<95);

查询同时参加Psychology和CS考试的学生的信息

方法1：

mysql> select * from student
    -> where id =any
    -> (select stu_id from score where stu_id in
    -> (select stu_id from score where c_name='Psychology')
    -> and c_name='CS');

方法2：

mysql> select a.* from student a,score b,score c
    -> where a.id=b.stu_id
    -> and b.c_name='Psychology'
    -> and a.id=c.stu_id
    -> and c.c_name='CS';

将Psychology考试成绩按从高到低进行排序

mysql> select stu_id ,grade from score where c_name='Psychology'
    -> order by grade desc;

查询student表和score表中学生的学号（id），然后合并查询结果

mysql> select id from student union select stu_id from score;

查询name中开头字母是“R”或者“E”的同学的姓名（name）、院系（department）和考试科目（c_name）及成绩（grade）

mysql> select student.id,name,sex,birth,department,address,c_name,grade
    -> from student,score
    -> where (name like 'R%' or name like 'E%')
    -> and student.id=score.stu_id;

查询address都是England的学生的姓名（name）、年龄、院系（department）和考试科目（c_name）及成绩（grade）

mysql> select student.id,name,sex,2019-birth as age,department,address,c_name,grade
    -> from student,score
    -> where address='England'
    -> and student.id=score.stu_id;

删除表数据

mysql> delete from score where id=10;

更新表数据

mysql> update score set c_name='CS' where id=11;

复制表格式

1.查看数据表的完整结构

mysql> show create table student;

2. 修改数据表名，并执行SQL语句

mysql> CREATE TABLE `clone_student` (
    ->   `id` int(10) NOT NULL,
    ->   `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
    ->   `sex` varchar(4) DEFAULT NULL,
    ->   `birth` year(4) DEFAULT NULL,
    ->   `department` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
    ->   `address` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
    ->   PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    ->   UNIQUE KEY `id` (`id`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;

复制表数据

mysql> insert into clone_student(id,name,sex,birth,department,address)
    -> select id,name,sex,birth,department,address from student;