mongodb数据库安装及常见操作
客户端和服务端的安装
# rpm -ivh mongo-10gen-2.4.6-mongodb_1.x86_64.rpm mongo-10gen-server-2.4.6-mongodb_1.x86_64.rpm
创建数据库存放数据目录
# mkdir -pv /mongodb/data
mkdir: created directory `/mongodb'
mkdir: created directory `/mongodb/data'
[root@node2 ~]# chown -R mongod.mongod /mongodb/data
修改配置文件
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/mongod.conf
[root@node2 ~]# service mongod start
可以通过访问web界面显示服务器状态：
http://192.168.8.39:28017/
数据库常见操作：
进入数据库
# mongo
> help
db.help() help on db methods
db.mycoll.help() help on collection methods
sh.help() sharding helpers
rs.help() replica set helpers
help admin administrative help
help connect connecting to a db help
help keys key shortcuts
help misc misc things to know
help mr mapreduce show dbs show database names
show collections show collections in current database
show users show users in current database
show profile show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms
show logs show the accessible logger names
show log [name] prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is default
use <db_name> set current database
db.foo.find() list objects in collection foo
db.foo.find( { a : 1 } ) list objects in foo where a == 1
it result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate
DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x set default number of items to display on shell
exit quit the mongo shell
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> show collections
> show dbs
admin (empty)
local 0.078125GB
test (empty)
testdb (empty)
> db.testcoll.insert({name: "tom"})
> show collections
system.indexes
testcoll
> db.testcoll.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd1692756c2ee1a25da27"), "name" : "tom" }
> db.testcoll.insert({name: 'jack'})
> db.testcoll.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd1692756c2ee1a25da27"), "name" : "tom" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd1962756c2ee1a25da28"), "name" : "jack" }
> db.testcoll.insert({name: 'lily',age: 18},{name: 'lucy', age: 19})
显示状态：
> db.testcoll.stats()
{
"ns" : "testdb.testcoll",
"count" : 3,
"size" : 132,
"avgObjSize" : 44,
"storageSize" : 4096,
"numExtents" : 1,
"nindexes" : 1,
"lastExtentSize" : 4096,
"paddingFactor" : 1,
"systemFlags" : 1,
"userFlags" : 0,
"totalIndexSize" : 8176,
"indexSizes" : {
"_id_" : 8176
},
"ok" : 1
}
删除文档
> show collections
system.indexes
testcoll
> show dbs
admin (empty)
local 0.078125GB
test (empty)
testdb 0.203125GB
> db.testcoll.drop()
true
> show collections
system.indexes
创建新表
> use itpart
switched to db itpart
> db.worker.insert({name: 'jack'})
> db.worker.insert({name: 'tom'})
> db.worker.insert({name: 'lily',age: 22})
> db.worker.insert({name: 'lucy',age: 23})
> db.worker.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3922756c2ee1a25da2a"), "name" : "jack" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd39a2756c2ee1a25da2b"), "name" : "tom" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ac2756c2ee1a25da2c"), "name" : "lily", "age" : 22 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "name" : "lucy", "age" : 23 }
> db.city.insert({area: 'shenzhen'})
> show collections
city
system.indexes
worker
> db.city.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ef2756c2ee1a25da2e"), "area" : "shenzhen" }
> db.worker.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3922756c2ee1a25da2a"), "name" : "jack" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd39a2756c2ee1a25da2b"), "name" : "tom" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ac2756c2ee1a25da2c"), "name" : "lily", "age" : 22 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "name" : "lucy", "age" : 23 }
查找年龄大于22的元素
> db.worker.find({age:{$gt: 22}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "name" : "lucy", "age" : 23 }
只显示name
> db.worker.find({age: {$gt: 22}},{name:1 })
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "name" : "lucy" }
修改元素：
> db.worker.update({age: {$gt: 18}}, {$set: { status: 'A'}},{multi: true})
> db.worker.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3922756c2ee1a25da2a"), "name" : "jack" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd39a2756c2ee1a25da2b"), "name" : "tom" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd4f52756c2ee1a25da2f"), "age" : 22, "name" : "jack", "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ac2756c2ee1a25da2c"), "age" : 22, "name" : "lily", "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "age" : 23, "name" : "lucy", "status" : "A" }
删除元素：
> db.worker.remove({status: 'B'})
> db.worker.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3922756c2ee1a25da2a"), "name" : "jack" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd39a2756c2ee1a25da2b"), "name" : "tom" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ac2756c2ee1a25da2c"), "age" : 22, "name" : "lily", "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "age" : 23, "name" : "lucy", "status" : "A" }
批量插入数据：
> for(i=1;i<=100;i++) db.testcoll.insert({name: "user" + i,age: i,gender: 'm',preferbooks: ['first book','second book']})
显示前三行
> db.testcoll.find().limit(3)
移除 年龄为8的元素
> db.testcoll.remove({age: 8})
查找年龄大于93的元素
> db.testcoll.find({age: {$gte: 93}})
找出年龄在60~70之间的元素
> db.testcoll.find({$and: [{age: {$gte: 60}}, {age: {$lte: 70}}]})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6b"), "name" : "user60", "age" : 60, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [ "first book", "second book" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6c"), "name" : "user61", "age" : 61, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [ "first book", "second book" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6d"), "name" : "user62", "age" : 62, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [ "first book", "second book" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6e"), "name" : "user63", "age" : 63, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [ "first book", "second book" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6f"), "name" : "user64", "age" : 64, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [ "first book", "second book" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da70"), "name" : "user65", "age" : 65, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [ "first book", "second book" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da71"), "name" : "user66", "age" : 66, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [ "first book", "second book" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da72"), "name" : "user67", "age" : 67, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [ "first book", "second book" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da73"), "name" : "user68", "age" : 68, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [ "first book", "second book" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da74"), "name" : "user69", "age" : 69, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [ "first book", "second book" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da75"), "name" : "user70", "age" : 70, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [ "first book", "second book" ] }
显示address属性存在的元素
> db.testcoll.insert({name: 'jack',age: 28, address: 'shenzhen'})
> db.testcoll.find({address: {$exists: true}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cdbf1c1e73f4b26e83033"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 28, "address" : "shenzhen" }
> db.testcoll.find({address: {$exists: false}})
修改元素，默认只修改第一行
> db.testcoll.update({age: {$gt: 80}} , {$set: {gender: 'f'}})
满足条件的全部修改
> db.testcoll.update({age: {$gt: 80}}, {$set: {gender: 'f'}},{multi: true})
删除列
> db.testcoll.update({name: 'user81'},{$unset: {preferbooks: ''}})
> db.testcoll.find({age: {$gt: 80}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da80"), "age" : 81, "gender" : "f", "name" : "user81" }
索引的操作：
显示索引
> db.testcoll.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "_id_"
}
]
> db.testcoll.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "_id_"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"name" : 1
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "name_1"
}
]
设置索引的方法
> db.testcoll.ensureIndex({name:'hashed'})
> db.testcoll.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "_id_"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"name" : 1
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "name_1"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"name" : "hashed"
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "name_hashed"
}
]
删除
> db.testcoll.dropIndex('name_hashed')
{ "nIndexesWas" : 3, "ok" : 1 }
> db.testcoll.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "_id_"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"name" : 1
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "name_1"
}
]
显示查找过程
> db.testcoll.find({name:'user19'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da42"), "name" : "user19", "age" : 19, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [ "first book", "second book" ] }
> db.testcoll.find({name:'user19'}).explain()
{
"cursor" : "BtreeCursor name_1",
"isMultiKey" : false,
"n" : 1,
"nscannedObjects" : 1,
"nscanned" : 1,
"nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 1,
"nscannedAllPlans" : 1,
"scanAndOrder" : false,
"indexOnly" : false,
"nYields" : 0,
"nChunkSkips" : 0,
"millis" : 0,
"indexBounds" : {
"name" : [
[
"user19",
"user19"
]
]
},
"server" : "node2.chinasoft.com:27017"
}
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