nginx的高级用法

一、根据url中的参数来确定缓存的key

set_by_lua_block $dataArg {
local enc = ngx.req.get_uri_args()["enc"]
local key = ngx.req.get_uri_args()["key"]
local name = ngx.req.get_uri_args()["name"]
local str = tostring(enc)..tostring(key)..tostring(name)
return str
}
proxy_cache_key $host$uri$dataArg;

二、根据源站传过来的跨域头做判断

set $cors_origin "*";
if ($http_origin != ""){
set $cors_origin $http_origin;
}
more_set_headers "Access-Control-Allow-Origin:$cors_origin"；

三、根据不同的运营商走不同的upstream

1、下层传递一个请求头：
 location / {
             proxy_buffer_size  128k;
             proxy_buffers   32 32k;
             proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
             proxy_set_header  Host $host;
             proxy_set_header CDN ctyun;
             proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
             proxy_set_header isp cm;   #传递一个请求头为cm（移动）
             add_header Powered-By-ctcdn "$server_addr";
             proxy_cache $cache_store;
             proxy_pass $scheme://test-upstream_$scheme$server_port;
    }

2、上层做判断
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.test.com;
    resolver 8.8.8.8 114.114.114.114;
    underscores_in_headers on; #nginx开启客户读取自定义头部的值

    error_log  /data/log/nginx/error.log;
    access_log /data/log/nginx/access.log nginxlog;

    location / {
             proxy_buffer_size  128k;
             proxy_buffers   32 32k;
             proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
             proxy_set_header  Host $host;
             proxy_set_header CDN test;
             add_header Powered "$server_addr";
             proxy_cache $cache_store;

   ##此处即下层如果有移动联通电信设备；在上层需要移动回移动的upstream；联通回联通的upstream；电信回电信的upstream；
            if ($http_isp = "ct") {
               proxy_pass $scheme://test-ct_$scheme$server_port;
        }
            if ($http_isp = "cn") {
               proxy_pass $scheme://test-cn_$scheme$server_port;
        }
            if ($http_isp = "cm") {
               proxy_pass $scheme://test-cm_$scheme$server_port;
        }
    } 

3、上层upstream配置
upstream test-cm_http80 {
        server 1.1.1.1:80;
    }

upstream test-cn_http80 {
        server 2.2.2.2:80;
    }

upstream test-ct_http80 {
        server 3.3.3.3:80;
    }

四、proxy_cache_use_stale模块的作用

缓存过期，但是源站有问题，可以直接返回用户旧的内容，返回旧文件总比报错强，一般应用在源站有问题的情况；
Syntax: proxy_cache_use_stale error | timeout | invalid_header | updating | http_500 | http_502 | http_503 | http_504 | http_403 | http_404 | http_429 | off ...;
Default:  proxy_cache_use_stale off;
Context:  http, server, location
官网介绍：http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html#proxy_cache_use_stale
测试过程：
upstream test_http80 {
    server 1.1.1.1:8085;
}
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.test.com;
    resolver 8.8.8.8 114.114.114.114;
    proxy_cache $cache_store;
    error_log  /log/error.log;
    access_log /log/access.log nginxlog;

    location ~*\.(txt|jpg|gif|png|bmp|ico)$ {
        more_clear_headers -s '200 206 304' 'Set-Cookie' 'Server' 'X-Varnish' 'x-hits' 'X-Cache' 'Via' 'Age';
        proxy_ignore_headers   "Cache-Control" "Set-Cookie" "Expires" "Vary";
             proxy_cache_valid  200 206 5s;
             proxy_cache_key $host$uri;
             proxy_set_header Host $host;
             proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
             proxy_set_header CDN test;
             age_header;
             expires  5s;
             proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
             proxy_http_version 1.1;
             proxy_set_header Connection "keep-alive";
             add_header Powere-test "$upstream_cache_status from $ipadd";
             proxy_pass "${scheme}://test_${scheme}${server_port}";
    }
}

最终效果：当上游服务器1.1.1.1无法访问时，返回旧内容；

 五、当访问资源404时，对url做改写

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.zhide666.cn;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://www.upstream.com;
    }
#当资源不在本地，但是访问该资源的时候资源不存在，当上游服务器返回404状态码时，也需要通过error_page rewrite到指定的url；
    location ~/portal/(.*)$ {
        proxy_intercept_errors on;  #当error_page和proxy_proxy_pass同时存在时则需要加该配置；
        #recursive_error_pages on;
        proxy_pass http://www.upstream.com;
        error_page 404 https://www.zhide666.cn/ketang/$1$is_args$args;  #不加is_args和args会忽略url中的参数；
    }
#当资源在本地，但是访问该资源的时候资源不存在，则通过error_page rewrite到指定的url；
    location ~/movie/(.*)$ {
        root /data/movie/;
        error_page 404 https://www.zhide666.cn/ketang/$1$is_args$args;
    }
}

p.p1 { margin: 0; font: 12px Menlo; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) }
span.s1 { font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures }
p.p1 { margin: 0; font: 12px Menlo; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) }
p.p2 { margin: 0; font: 12px Menlo; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); min-height: 14px }
span.s1 { font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures }
span.s2 { font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; background-color: rgba(224, 228, 9, 1) }
p.p1 { margin: 0; font: 12px Menlo; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) }
p.p2 { margin: 0; font: 12px Menlo; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); min-height: 14px }
span.s1 { font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures }
span.s2 { font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; background-color: rgba(224, 228, 9, 1) }
p.p1 { margin: 0; font: 12px Menlo; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) }
span.s1 { font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures }
span.s2 { font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; background-color: rgba(224, 228, 9, 1) }
p.p1 { margin: 0; font: 12px Menlo; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) }
span.s1 { font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures }
span.s2 { font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: rgba(180, 36, 25, 1) }