美国司法部解禁guns打印技术

今日导读

你知道什么是 3D 打印吗？简单的说，只要有一张设计蓝图和适当的材料，就可以快速打印出实体物件。而最近据外媒报道，从今年 8 月 1 日起，在美国，拥有或公布枪支 3D 打印蓝图的行为都将属于合法的范畴。为什么美国政府要做出这样的决议，这是美国枪支问题的结束，还是更多问题的开始？

带着问题听讲解

Q1: 如何理解标题中的 own？

Q2: 是谁成功制成了第一把 3D 打印手枪？

Q3: 作者认为人手一把步枪的时代会很快到来吗？

新闻正文



The files you need to make your own gun can now be legally shared online

你自造枪支所需的文件如今可在网上合法共享

A decision from the US Department of Justice allows the online distribution of computer-designed gun models.

美国司法部的一项决议批准了在网上分发计算机设计的枪械模型这一行为。

Looking back: Cody Wilson, the founder of Defense Distributed, created and fired the first fully 3-D-printed gun in 2013. The gun’s design files, which he uploaded on his website Defcad.com, were downloaded hundreds of thousands of times in a few days.

回顾：科迪·威尔森，“分布式防御”的创始人，在 2013 年制造了第一支完全 3D 打印的枪械并开了枪，枪械的设计文件由他上传到了自己的网站 Defcad.com 上，几天时间里这些文件被下载了成千上万次。

注：distribute：分配，散布;散发，分发;把…分类。

The legal battle: The State Department said he had to take the files down. If he didn’t, he would face penalties equivalent to the punishment for exporting weapons without a license, because his files had been downloaded overseas.

法律纠纷：国务院表示威尔森必须将文件撤回。如果不这样做，他面对的刑罚将和未经许可出口武器所面临的刑罚相当，因为有海外的网民下载了他的文件。

注：take down：取下;拆卸;记录。equivalent：adj-相等的，等效的;等价的；n-对等物。

The news: In 2015, Wilson and his lawyers filed a lawsuit which claimed that by stopping him from uploading his 3-D-printable model, the State Department  violated his right to bear arms and to freely share information. Two months ago, the Department of Justice quietly offered a settlement to Wilson, essentially agreeing with his argument. Somewhere in between then and now, Wilson evidently accepted.

新闻报道：2015 年，威尔森和他的律师团队提起了诉讼，声称国务院禁止他上传 3D 可打印的模型，就侵犯了他携带武器和自由共享信息的权利。两个月前，司法部悄悄地给威尔森提供了一份和解协议，基本上认可了他的说法。之后的某一天里，威尔森显然是接受了和解。

注：violate：违反;侵犯;妨碍;亵渎，强奸。settlement：庭外和解。

What it means: Digital weapons files can now be distributed on the web without regulation. Wilson is relaunching Defcad.com on August 1. The website will host the original 3-D-printable gun model along with new designs that require machining by programmable manufacturing machines, like CNCs, to produce. Users will be able to contribute their own models as well. “What’s about to happen is a Cambrian explosion of the digital content related to firearms,” Wilson told Wired.

这意味着什么：数字武器文件现在可以不受监管地在网络中传播。威尔森打算在 8 月 1 日重启 Defcad.com. 这家网站会把原始的那份可打印 3D 枪械模型和其他新设计都储存在联网计算机中，需要可编程的制造设备，比如电脑数控设备，才能造出这些枪。用户也能贡献他们自己的枪械模型。威尔森告诉《连线》杂志：“即将到来的是一场有关轻武器的数字内容爆炸，就像寒武纪生命大爆发（爆炸）一样。”

But makers will need to have a working knowledge of gun mechanics, 3-D printing, and manufacturing technologies like CNCs to construct a weapon from these files. While Wilson has lowered some of the barriers to creating undocumented weapons in your garage, home-based setups will have to advance mightily before your neighbors will all be making AR-15s in their basements.

但制造者们要对枪械力学，3D 打印，以及像电脑数控这样的制造技术有充分了解，才能通过这些文件造出一把枪。尽管威尔森确实降低了在自家车库制造非法枪支的门槛，但家用制造设备还需要大幅改进，你的邻居们才能在自家地下室里生产 AR-15。

注：construct:构成;建造;构想;概念。barrier：屏障;障碍;栅栏;分界线

—————  文章来源 / MIT Technology Review 

重点词汇

file   /faɪl/   n. 文件

distribution    /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/    n. 分发；分送

penalty    /ˈpenəlti/   n. 惩罚；处罚

bear   /ber/   v. 持有；携带 n.熊

machine    /məˈʃiːn/    v. （用机器）制造，加工成型

Cambrian    /ˈkæmbriən/     adj. 寒武纪的；寒武系岩的

firearm   /ˈfaɪərɑːrm/    n. 火器；枪支

mightily    /ˈmaɪtɪli/   adv. 非常；很；极其

file a lawsuit     提起诉讼

CNC = Computerized Numerical Control     电脑数值控制

have a knowledge of...     了解；知道

拓展内容

语法和例句总结

own adj./pron.

1.用在物主代词后加强语气：

my own bike

2.自己做的，自己生产的

She designs her own clothes.

《永别了，武器》A Farewell to Arms

farewell：告别，再见，再会。

二重介词

in between

from under

take the savings from under the pillow

These plants need watering with clean water to grow.

These plants need to be watered with clean water to grow.

【Q1】home-based setups will have to advance mightily before your neighbors will all be making AR-15s in their basements. 这句话为什么用将来进行时，will be making, 而不用将来时，will make?

【Daniel老师】因为用进行时能强调动作进行的过程，比起单纯的将来时，会比较有画面感。（想象一下邻居们各个都在地下室叮叮当当捣鼓武器的样子），用进行时就有这个效果。