nginx 安装和配置

1. 安装相关依赖

yum install readline-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++  gd-devel libxml2-devel

2. 添加nginx第三方模块

1) pcre（rewrite正则表达式的支持）：ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/
2) libressl（加密解密）：http://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/LibreSSL/
3) openssl（加密解密）：ftp://ftp.openssl.org/source
4) zlib（数据压缩）：http://zlib.net/	http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
5) ngx_cache_purge（缓存清除扩展模块）：https://github.com/FRiCKLE/ngx_cache_purge/archive/2.3.tar.gz
6) nginx_upstream_check_module（负载均衡）：https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module/archive/v0.3.0.tar.gz
7) echo-nginx-module（模块，方便输出用的）：https://github.com/openresty/echo-nginx-module/archive/v0.60.tar.gz
8）nginx：http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz

3. nginx编译安装

nginx 1.10.2 install on CentOS 6.x:
	./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
	--with-http_ssl_module \
	--with-http_realip_module \
	--with-http_addition_module \
	--with-http_sub_module \
	--with-http_dav_module \
	--with-http_flv_module \
	--with-http_mp4_module \
	--with-http_gunzip_module \
	--with-http_gzip_static_module \
	--with-http_random_index_module \
	--with-http_secure_link_module \
	--with-http_stub_status_module \
	--with-http_auth_request_module \
	--with-threads \
	--with-stream \
	--with-stream_ssl_module \
	--with-http_slice_module \
	--with-mail \
	--with-mail_ssl_module \
	--with-file-aio \
	--with-http_v2_module \
	--with-ipv6 \
	--with-pcre=../pcre-8.40 \
	--with-pcre-jit \
	--with-openssl=../libressl-2.5.1 \
	--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11/ \
	--add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-2.3/ \
	--add-module=../nginx_upstream_check_module-0.3.0/ \
	--add-module=../echo-nginx-module-0.60/ \
	--with-ld-opt=-lrt

	make
	make install

4.yum 安装nginx

yum install nginx

5.修改防火墙

/etc/sysconfig/iptables
/etc/init.d/iptables stop
/etc/init.d/iptables start
#80端口可以访问
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

6.nginx 配置文件结构

默认的配置文件：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

7.nginx 文件结构

events {         #events块
   ...
}

http      #http块
{
    ...   #http全局块
    server        #server块
    {
        ...       #server全局块
        location   #location块
        {
            ...
        }
        location
        {
            ...
        }
    }
    server
    {
      ...
    }
    ...     #http全局块
}

user www www;  #用户组
worker_processes 2;  #nginx要开启的进程数
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000;  #使用该选项可以绑定worker进程和CPU
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;  #nginx进程运行文件存放地址
events {
    accept_mutex on;  #设置网路连接序列化，防止惊群现象发生，默认为on
    multi_accept on;  #设置一个进程是否同时接受多个网络连接，默认为off
    use epoll;      #事件驱动模型，select|poll|kqueue|epoll|resig|/dev/poll|eventport
    worker_connections  1024;    #最大连接数，默认为512
}
http {
    include       mime.types;   #文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
    default_type  application/octet-stream; #默认文件类型，默认为text/plain

    #access_log off; #取消服务日志
    log_format myFormat '$remote_addr–$remote_user [$time_local] $request $status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer $http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for'; #自定义格式
    access_log log/access.log myFormat;  #combined为日志格式的默认值

    sendfile on;   #允许sendfile方式传输文件，默认为off，可以在http块，server块，location块。
    sendfile_max_chunk 100k;  #每个进程每次调用传输数量不能大于设定的值，默认为0，即不设上限。

    keepalive_timeout 65;  #连接超时时间，默认为75s，可以在http，server，location块。
    error_page 404 https://www.baidu.com; #错误页

    #负载均衡
    upstream mysvr {
      server 127.0.0.1:7878;
      server 192.168.10.121:3333 backup;
    }

    server {
        listen       80;   #监听端口
        root path;  #根目录
        index index.html;  #设置默认页
        server_name  a.com;   #监听地址     

        location  / {       #请求的url过滤，正则匹配，~为区分大小写，~*为不区分大小写。
           proxy_pass  http://mysvr;  #请求转向mysvr 定义的服务器列表
           deny 127.0.0.1;  #拒绝的ip
           allow 172.18.5.54; #允许的ip
        }
    }
}