以太坊客户端geth的基本操作命令

以太坊客户端geth的基本操作命令
搭建了私有链环境之后，整理了一下客户端的一些基本的操作命令：

启动命令
重复上篇博客步骤，先将区块链客户端启动，命令如下：

geth –datadir “%cd%\chain” console
看到启动页面之后，新开启一个终端，并执行一下命令，并把日志输出到文本文件当中：

geth --dev console 2>> file_to_log_output
在这里可以继续执行具体的操作命令。

查看账户
eth.accounts
创建用户：
personal.newAccount("111111")
其中参数为此账户的密码。 
也可以先创建账户，然后输入密码：

personal.newAccount()
查看区块数据
eth.blockNumber
启动挖矿
miner.start()
返回结果为true则启动成功，具体执行情况可查看日志。

停止挖矿
miner.stop()
当在执行挖矿时日志会不停刷屏，不用管，只要命令输入全，执行即可停止挖矿。

查看账户余额
其中参数为区块链地址

eth.getBalance("0x7d1f7be4112ce63b9de04a0bf95c1e87e430bd1b")
转账
从账户0x7d1f7be4112ce63b9de04a0bf95c1e87e430bd1b转账3个以太币到0x587e57a516730381958f86703b1f8e970ff445d9。

eth.sendTransaction({from:"0x7d1f7be4112ce63b9de04a0bf95c1e87e430bd1b",to:"0x587e57a516730381958f86703b1f8e970ff445d9",value:web3.toWei(3,"ether")})
当直接执行此方法时会抛出异常：

account is locked
at web3.js:3119:20
at web3.js:6023:15
at web3.js:4995:36
at <anonymous>:1:1
很明显，账户被锁。

解锁转出账户
其中第一个参数为转出账户，第二个参数为密码。也可以直填写第一个参数，然后通过命令行提示再输入密码。

personal.unlockAccount("0x7d1f7be4112ce63b9de04a0bf95c1e87e430bd1b","111111")
解锁完成之后，即可执行转账操作。但此时查看时会发现接收账户依旧为原来数值。此时需要执行挖矿命令，才会把转账真正完成。

查看geth帮助文档：github上的wiki文档

geth -help
$ geth help
NAME:
geth - the go-ethereum command line interface
Copyright 2013-2017 The go-ethereum Authors
USAGE:
geth [options] command [command options] [arguments...]
VERSION:
1.7.3-stable
COMMANDS:
account Manage accounts
attach Start an interactive JavaScript environment (connect to node)
bug opens a window to report a bug on the geth repo
console Start an interactive JavaScript environment
copydb Create a local chain from a target chaindata folder
dump Dump a specific block from storage
dumpconfig Show configuration values
export Export blockchain into file
import Import a blockchain file
init Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block
js Execute the specified JavaScript files
license Display license information
makecache Generate ethash verification cache (for testing)
makedag Generate ethash mining DAG (for testing)
monitor Monitor and visualize node metrics
removedb Remove blockchain and state databases
version Print version numbers
wallet Manage Ethereum presale wallets
help, h Shows a list of commands or help for one command
ETHEREUM OPTIONS:
--config value TOML configuration file
--datadir "/home/karalabe/.ethereum" Data directory for the databases and keystore
--keystore Directory for the keystore (default = inside the datadir)
--nousb Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets
--networkid value Network identifier (integer, 1=Frontier, 2=Morden (disused), 3=Ropsten, 4=Rinkeby) (default: 1)
--testnet Ropsten network: pre-configured proof-of-work test network
--rinkeby Rinkeby network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network
--syncmode "fast" Blockchain sync mode ("fast", "full", or "light")
--ethstats value Reporting URL of a ethstats service (nodename:secret@host:port)
--identity value Custom node name
--lightserv value Maximum percentage of time allowed for serving LES requests (0-90) (default: 0)
--lightpeers value Maximum number of LES client peers (default: 20)
--lightkdf Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength
DEVELOPER CHAIN OPTIONS:
--dev Ephemeral proof-of-authority network with a pre-funded developer account, mining enabled
--dev.period value Block period to use in developer mode (0 = mine only if transaction pending) (default: 0)
ETHASH OPTIONS:
--ethash.cachedir Directory to store the ethash verification caches (default = inside the datadir)
--ethash.cachesinmem value Number of recent ethash caches to keep in memory (16MB each) (default: 2)
--ethash.cachesondisk value Number of recent ethash caches to keep on disk (16MB each) (default: 3)
--ethash.dagdir "/home/karalabe/.ethash" Directory to store the ethash mining DAGs (default = inside home folder)
--ethash.dagsinmem value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep in memory (1+GB each) (default: 1)
--ethash.dagsondisk value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep on disk (1+GB each) (default: 2)
TRANSACTION POOL OPTIONS:
--txpool.nolocals Disables price exemptions for locally submitted transactions
--txpool.journal value Disk journal for local transaction to survive node restarts (default: "transactions.rlp")
--txpool.rejournal value Time interval to regenerate the local transaction journal (default: 1h0m0s)
--txpool.pricelimit value Minimum gas price limit to enforce for acceptance into the pool (default: 1)
--txpool.pricebump value Price bump percentage to replace an already existing transaction (default: 10)
--txpool.accountslots value Minimum number of executable transaction slots guaranteed per account (default: 16)
--txpool.globalslots value Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 4096)
--txpool.accountqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots permitted per account (default: 64)
--txpool.globalqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 1024)
--txpool.lifetime value Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are queued (default: 3h0m0s)
PERFORMANCE TUNING OPTIONS:
--cache value Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching (min 16MB / database forced) (default: 128)
--trie-cache-gens value Number of trie node generations to keep in memory (default: 120)
ACCOUNT OPTIONS:
--unlock value Comma separated list of accounts to unlock
--password value Password file to use for non-interactive password input
API AND CONSOLE OPTIONS:
--rpc Enable the HTTP-RPC server
--rpcaddr value HTTP-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
--rpcport value HTTP-RPC server listening port (default: 8545)
--rpcapi value API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface
--ws Enable the WS-RPC server
--wsaddr value WS-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
--wsport value WS-RPC server listening port (default: 8546)
--wsapi value API's offered over the WS-RPC interface
--wsorigins value Origins from which to accept websockets requests
--ipcdisable Disable the IPC-RPC server
--ipcpath Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it)
--rpccorsdomain value Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)
--jspath loadScript JavaScript root path for loadScript (default: ".")
--exec value Execute JavaScript statement
--preload value Comma separated list of JavaScript files to preload into the console
NETWORKING OPTIONS:
--bootnodes value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap (set v4+v5 instead for light servers)
--bootnodesv4 value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v4 discovery bootstrap (light server, full nodes)
--bootnodesv5 value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v5 discovery bootstrap (light server, light nodes)
--port value Network listening port (default: 30303)
--maxpeers value Maximum number of network peers (network disabled if set to 0) (default: 25)
--maxpendpeers value Maximum number of pending connection attempts (defaults used if set to 0) (default: 0)
--nat value NAT port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP>) (default: "any")
--nodiscover Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addition)
--v5disc Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mechanism
--netrestrict value Restricts network communication to the given IP networks (CIDR masks)
--nodekey value P2P node key file
--nodekeyhex value P2P node key as hex (for testing)
MINER OPTIONS:
--mine Enable mining
--minerthreads value Number of CPU threads to use for mining (default: 8)
--etherbase value Public address for block mining rewards (default = first account created) (default: "0")
--targetgaslimit value Target gas limit sets the artificial target gas floor for the blocks to mine (default: 4712388)
--gasprice "18000000000" Minimal gas price to accept for mining a transactions
--extradata value Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version)

GAS PRICE ORACLE OPTIONS:
--gpoblocks value Number of recent blocks to check for gas prices (default: 10)
--gpopercentile value Suggested gas price is the given percentile of a set of recent transaction gas prices (default: 50)

VIRTUAL MACHINE OPTIONS:
--vmdebug Record information useful for VM and contract debugging
LOGGING AND DEBUGGING OPTIONS:
--metrics Enable metrics collection and reporting
--fakepow Disables proof-of-work verification
--nocompaction Disables db compaction after import
--verbosity value Logging verbosity: 0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=detail (default: 3)
--vmodule value Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of <pattern>=<level> (e.g. eth/*=5,p2p=4)
--backtrace value Request a stack trace at a specific logging statement (e.g. "block.go:271")
--debug Prepends log messages with call-site location (file and line number)
--pprof Enable the pprof HTTP server
--pprofaddr value pprof HTTP server listening interface (default: "127.0.0.1")
--pprofport value pprof HTTP server listening port (default: 6060)
--memprofilerate value Turn on memory profiling with the given rate (default: 524288)
--blockprofilerate value Turn on block profiling with the given rate (default: 0)
--cpuprofile value Write CPU profile to the given file
--trace value Write execution trace to the given file
WHISPER (EXPERIMENTAL) OPTIONS:
--shh Enable Whisper
--shh.maxmessagesize value Max message size accepted (default: 1048576)
--shh.pow value Minimum POW accepted (default: 0.2)
DEPRECATED OPTIONS:
--fast Enable fast syncing through state downloads
--light Enable light client mode
MISC OPTIONS:
--help, -h show help
COPYRIGHT:
Copyright 2013-2017 The go-ethereum Authors