数据库执行计划慢导致I/O 慢

Memory Statistics
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Begin End
------------ ------------

Host Mem (MB): 16,338.5 16,338.5
SGA use (MB): 3,072.0 3,072.0
PGA use (MB): 805.1 861.7
% Host Mem used for SGA+PGA: 23.73 24.08

异常响应：

Physical read (blocks): 35,368.4 3,067.3
Physical write (blocks): 6.8 0.6

Tota Wait % DB
Event Waits Time Avg(ms) time Wait Class
------------------------------ ------------ ---- ------- ------ ----------
direct path read 912,622 306. 336 79.2 User I/O
read by other session 119,841 51.5 430 13.3 User I/O
log file sync 41,849 9467 226 2.4 Commit
db file scattered read 15,466 6459 418 1.7 User I/O
enq: TX - row lock contention 2 5208 2.6E+06 1.3 Applicatio
DB CPU 3868 1.0
db file sequential read 6,447 1635 254 .4 User I/O
Disk file operations I/O 691 534. 774 .1 User I/O
control file sequential read 377 167. 445 .0 System I/O
log file switch (private stran 5 39.3 7851 .0 Configurat

Physical Reads Elapsed
Reads Executions per Exec %Total Time (s) %CPU %IO SQL Id
----------- ----------- ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ------ -------------
1.23682E+08 7,632 16,205.7 97.7 306,686.8 1.0 98.9 ak7k07x5y8q12
SELECT this_.ID as ID49_0_, this_.LICENCE as LICENCE49_0_, this_.TYPE as TYPE49_
0_, this_.ROAD_TYPE as ROAD4_49_0_, this_.SPEED as SPEED49_0_, this_.STARTTIME a
s STARTTIME49_0_, this_.ENDTIME as ENDTIME49_0_ FROM VI_EXTERNALWARNING this_ WH
ERE this_.ENDTIME = :p0

一.DirectPath Reads 说明
在oracle 11g以前的版本中，如果对大表进行全表扫描，wait event是：db file scattered read；在11g中，如果对大表进行全表扫描，wait event是：direct path read；即在11g中，大表全表扫描是将数据块直接读入会话的pga区域。（具体的查看方法参考后面的示例）。
在11g中，大表全表扫描时数据块不经过sga而直接进pga，这样会造成每次进行大表全表扫描，物理读都是很大，而在10g中，由于全表扫描的数据块在sga中已经存在，所以执行全表扫描时，它的物理读为0。
但是这里主要是Oracle在优化策略上的进步，即假定大表频繁全表扫描这种现象，在生产库上不会太多，通过把数据直接读入pga，进而减少了cachebuffer的繁忙交换程度，提高了cachebuffer的使用效率.

Elapsed Elapsed Time
Time (s) Executions per Exec (s) %Total %CPU %IO SQL Id
---------------- -------------- ------------- ------ ------ ------ -------------
306,686.8 7,632 40.18 79.3 1.0 98.9 ak7k07x5y8q12
SELECT this_.ID as ID49_0_, this_.LICENCE as LICENCE49_0_, this_.TYPE as TYPE49_
0_, this_.ROAD_TYPE as ROAD4_49_0_, this_.SPEED as SPEED49_0_, this_.STARTTIME a
s STARTTIME49_0_, this_.ENDTIME as ENDTIME49_0_ FROM VI_EXTERNALWARNING this_ WH
ERE this_.ENDTIME = :p0

SELECT * FROM table(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR('ak7k07x5y8q12',0));
该sql 使用到全表扫描，请优化

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID ak7k07x5y8q12, child number 0
-------------------------------------
SELECT this_.ID as ID49_0_, this_.LICENCE as LICENCE49_0_, this_.TYPE
as TYPE49_0_, this_.ROAD_TYPE as ROAD4_49_0_, this_.SPEED as
SPEED49_0_, this_.STARTTIME as STARTTIME49_0_, this_.ENDTIME as
ENDTIME49_0_ FROM VI_EXTERNALWARNING this_ WHERE this_.ENDTIME = :p0

Plan hash value: 3931375654

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes |
Cost (%CPU)| Time |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------

| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | |
11048 (100)| |

| 1 | VIEW | VI_EXTERNALWARNING | 4 | 468 |

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11048 (1)| 00:02:13 |

| 2 | UNION-ALL | | | |
| |

|* 3 | FILTER | | | |
| |

|* 4 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MG_EXTERNAL_SPEED_WARNING | 1 | 55 |
3 (0)| 00:00:01 |

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|* 5 | FILTER | | | |
| |

|* 6 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MG_EXTERNAL_RESTRICTED_WARNING | 1 | 88 |
2 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 7 | FILTER | | | |
| |

|* 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MG_EXTERNAL_IDLE_WARNING | 1 | 49 |
6631 (1)| 00:01:20 |

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|* 9 | FILTER | | | |
| |

|* 10 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MG_EXTERNAL_LONGTIMEXT_WARNING | 1 | 49 |
4412 (1)| 00:00:53 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------

主要是 I/O 吞吐慢

方向1：
请OA 检查6.101 的 IO，是否正常

方向2： 业务检查ak7k07x5y8q12 是否正常 ，此sql 消耗大量I/O

Physical Reads Elapsed
Reads Executions per Exec %Total Time (s) %CPU %IO SQL Id
----------- ----------- ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ------ -------------
1.23682E+08 7,632 16,205.7 97.7 306,686.8 1.0 98.9 ak7k07x5y8q12
SELECT this_.ID as ID49_0_, this_.LICENCE as LICENCE49_0_, this_.TYPE as TYPE49_
0_, this_.ROAD_TYPE as ROAD4_49_0_, this_.SPEED as SPEED49_0_, this_.STARTTIME a
s STARTTIME49_0_, this_.ENDTIME as ENDTIME49_0_ FROM VI_EXTERNALWARNING this_ WH
ERE this_.ENDTIME = :p0

正常响应：

Physical read (blocks): 14,991.1 99.8
Physical write (blocks): 21.4 0.1

Top 10 Foreground Events by Total Wait Time
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Tota Wait % DB
Event Waits Time Avg(ms) time Wait Class
------------------------------ ------------ ---- ------- ------ ----------
DB CPU 2768 35.5
direct path read 193,541 2075 11 26.6 User I/O
db file scattered read 500,821 1465 3 18.8 User I/O
read by other session 423,225 1165 3 14.9 User I/O
log file sync 542,810 329. 1 4.2 Commit
db file sequential read 106,779 157. 1 2.0 User I/O
SQL*Net message to client 7,250,622 27.9 0 .4 Network
control file sequential read 771 5 6 .1 System I/O
Disk file operations I/O 1,434 2.8 2 .0 User I/O
SQL*Net more data to client 25,644 1.2 0 .0 Network

CPU CPU per Elapsed
Time (s) Executions Exec (s) %Total Time (s) %CPU %IO SQL Id
---------- ------------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ------ -------------
4,683.6 11,456 0.41 52.7 4,764.1 98.3 .0 ak7k07x5y8q12
SELECT this_.ID as ID49_0_, this_.LICENCE as LICENCE49_0_, this_.TYPE as TYPE49_
0_, this_.ROAD_TYPE as ROAD4_49_0_, this_.SPEED as SPEED49_0_, this_.STARTTIME a
s STARTTIME49_0_, this_.ENDTIME as ENDTIME49_0_ FROM VI_EXTERNALWARNING this_ WH
ERE this_.ENDTIME = :p0