Android源码分析-点击事件派发机制
转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/singwhatiwanna/article/details/17339857
概述
一直想写篇关于Android事件派发机制的文章,却一直没写,这两天刚好是周末,有时间了,想想写一篇吧,不然总是只停留在会用的层次上但是无法了解其内部机制。我用的是4.4源码,打开看看,挺复杂的,尤其是事件是怎么从Activity派发出来的,太费解了。了解Windows消息机制的人会发现,觉得Android的事件派发机制和Windows的消息派发机制挺像的,其实这是一种典型的消息“冒泡”机制,很多平台采用这个机制,消息最先到达最底层View,然后它先进行判断是不是它所需要的,否则就将消息传递给它的子View,这样一来,消息就从水底的气泡一样向上浮了一点距离,以此类推,气泡达到顶部和空气接触,破了(消息被处理了),当然也有气泡浮出到顶层了,还没破(消息无人处理),这个消息将由系统来处理,对于Android来说,会由Activity来处理。
Android点击事件的派发机制
1. 从Activity传递到底层View
点击事件用MotionEvent来表示,当一个点击操作发生时,事件最先传递给当前Activity,由Activity的dispatchTouchEvent来进行事件派发,具体的工作是由Activity内部的Window来完成的,Window会将事件传递给decor view,decor view一般就是当前界面的底层容器(即setContentView所设置的View),通过Activity.getWindow.getDecorView()可以获得。另外,看下面代码的的时候,主要看我注释的地方,代码很多很复杂,我无法一一说明,但是我注释的地方都是关键点,是博主仔细读代码总结出来的。
源码解读:
事件是由哪里传递给Activity的,这个我还不清楚,但是不要紧,我们从activity开始分析,已经足够我们了解它的内部实现了。
Code:Activity#dispatchTouchEvent
- /**
- * Called to process touch screen events. You can override this to
- * intercept all touch screen events before they are dispatched to the
- * window. Be sure to call this implementation for touch screen events
- * that should be handled normally.
- *
- * @param ev The touch screen event.
- *
- * @return boolean Return true if this event was consumed.
- */
- public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
- if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
- //这个函数其实是个空函数,啥也没干,如果你没重写的话,不用关心
- onUserInteraction();
- }
- //这里事件开始交给Activity所附属的Window进行派发,如果返回true,整个事件循环就结束了
- //返回false意味着事件没人处理,所有人的onTouchEvent都返回了false,那么Activity就要来做最后的收场。
- if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
- return true;
- }
- //这里,Activity来收场了,Activity的onTouchEvent被调用
- return onTouchEvent(ev);
- }
Window是如何将事件传递给ViewGroup的
Code:Window#superDispatchTouchEvent
- /**
- * Used by custom windows, such as Dialog, to pass the touch screen event
- * further down the view hierarchy. Application developers should
- * not need to implement or call this.
- *
- */
- public abstract boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event);
这竟然是一个抽象函数,还注明了应用开发者不要实现它或者调用它,这是什么情况?再看看如下类的说明,大意是说:这个类可以控制顶级View的外观和行为策略,而且还说这个类的唯一一个实现位于android.policy.PhoneWindow,当你要实例化这个Window类的时候,你并不知道它的细节,因为这个类会被重构,只有一个工厂方法可以使用。好吧,还是很模糊啊,不太懂,不过我们可以看一下android.policy.PhoneWindow这个类,尽管实例化的时候此类会被重构,但是重构而已,功能是类似的。
Abstract base class for a top-level window look and behavior policy. An instance of this class should be used as the top-level view added to the window manager. It provides standard UI policies such as a background, title area, default key processing, etc.
The only existing implementation of this abstract class is android.policy.PhoneWindow, which you should instantiate when needing a Window. Eventually that class will be refactored and a factory method added for creating Window instances without knowing about
a particular implementation.
Code:PhoneWindow#superDispatchTouchEvent
- @Override
- public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
- return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
- }
这个逻辑很清晰了,PhoneWindow将事件传递给DecorView了,这个DecorView是啥呢,请看下面
- private final class DecorView extends FrameLayout implements RootViewSurfaceTaker
- // This is the top-level view of the window, containing the window decor.
- private DecorView mDecor;
- @Override
- public final View getDecorView() {
- if (mDecor == null) {
- installDecor();
- }
- return mDecor;
- }
顺便说一下,平时Window用的最多的就是((ViewGroup)getWindow().getDecorView().findViewById(android.R.id.content)).getChildAt(0)即通过Activity来得到内部的View。这个mDecor显然就是getWindow().getDecorView()返回的View,而我们通过setContentView设置的View是它的一个子View。目前事件传递到了DecorView
这里,由于DecorView 继承自FrameLayout且是我们的父View,所以最终事件会传递给我们的View,原因先不管了,换句话来说,事件肯定会传递到我们的View,不然我们的应用如何响应点击事件呢。不过这不是我们的重点,重点是事件到了我们的View以后应该如何传递,这是对我们更有用的。从这里开始,事件已经传递到我们的顶级View了,注意:顶级View实际上是最底层View,也叫根View。
2.底层View对事件的分发过程
点击事件到底层View(一般是一个ViewGroup)以后,会调用ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法,然后的逻辑是这样的:如果底层ViewGroup拦截事件即onInterceptTouchEvent返回true,则事件由ViewGroup处理,这个时候,如果ViewGroup的mOnTouchListener被设置,则会onTouch会被调用,否则,onTouchEvent会被调用,也就是说,如果都提供的话,onTouch会屏蔽掉onTouchEvent。在onTouchEvent中,如果设置了mOnClickListener,则onClick会被调用。如果顶层ViewGroup不拦截事件,则事件会传递给它的在点击事件链上的子View,这个时候,子View的dispatchTouchEvent会被调用,到此为止,事件已经从最底层View传递给了上一层View,接下来的行为和其底层View一致,如此循环,完成整个事件派发。另外要说明的是,ViewGroup默认是不拦截点击事件的,其onInterceptTouchEvent返回false。
源码解读:
Code:ViewGroup#dispatchTouchEvent
- @Override
- public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
- if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
- mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(ev, 1);
- }
- boolean handled = false;
- if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
- final int action = ev.getAction();
- final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;
- // Handle an initial down.
- if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
- // Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
- // The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
- // due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
- cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
- resetTouchState();
- }
- // Check for interception.
- final boolean intercepted;
- if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
- || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
- final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
- if (!disallowIntercept) {
- //这里判断是否拦截点击事件,如果拦截,则intercepted=true
- intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
- ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
- } else {
- intercepted = false;
- }
- } else {
- // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
- // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
- intercepted = true;
- }
- // Check for cancelation.
- final boolean canceled = resetCancelNextUpFlag(this)
- || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL;
- // Update list of touch targets for pointer down, if needed.
- final boolean split = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS) != 0;
- TouchTarget newTouchTarget = null;
- boolean alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = false;
- //这里面一大堆是派发事件到子View,如果intercepted是true,则直接跳过
- if (!canceled && !intercepted) {
- if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
- || (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
- || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
- final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex(); // always 0 for down
- final int idBitsToAssign = split ? 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
- : TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;
- // Clean up earlier touch targets for this pointer id in case they
- // have become out of sync.
- removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign);
- final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
- if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
- final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
- final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
- // Find a child that can receive the event.
- // Scan children from front to back.
- final View[] children = mChildren;
- final boolean customOrder = isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
- for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
- final int childIndex = customOrder ?
- getChildDrawingOrder(childrenCount, i) : i;
- final View child = children[childIndex];
- if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
- || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
- continue;
- }
- newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
- if (newTouchTarget != null) {
- // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
- // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
- newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
- break;
- }
- resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
- if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
- // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
- mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
- mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
- mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
- mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
- //注意下面两句,如果有子View处理了点击事件,则newTouchTarget会被赋值,
- //同时alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget也会为true,这两个变量是直接影响下面的代码逻辑的。
- newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
- alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- if (newTouchTarget == null && mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
- // Did not find a child to receive the event.
- // Assign the pointer to the least recently added target.
- newTouchTarget = mFirstTouchTarget;
- while (newTouchTarget.next != null) {
- newTouchTarget = newTouchTarget.next;
- }
- newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
- }
- }
- }
- // Dispatch to touch targets.
- //这里如果当前ViewGroup拦截了事件,或者其子View的onTouchEvent都返回了false,则事件会由ViewGroup处理
- if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
- // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
- //这里就是ViewGroup对点击事件的处理
- handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
- TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
- } else {
- // Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
- // dispatched to it. Cancel touch targets if necessary.
- TouchTarget predecessor = null;
- TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
- while (target != null) {
- final TouchTarget next = target.next;
- if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
- handled = true;
- } else {
- final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
- || intercepted;
- if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
- target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
- handled = true;
- }
- if (cancelChild) {
- if (predecessor == null) {
- mFirstTouchTarget = next;
- } else {
- predecessor.next = next;
- }
- target.recycle();
- target = next;
- continue;
- }
- }
- predecessor = target;
- target = next;
- }
- }
- // Update list of touch targets for pointer up or cancel, if needed.
- if (canceled
- || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
- || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
- resetTouchState();
- } else if (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
- final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex();
- final int idBitsToRemove = 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex);
- removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove);
- }
- }
- if (!handled && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
- mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(ev, 1);
- }
- return handled;
- }
下面再看ViewGroup对点击事件的处理
Code:ViewGroup#dispatchTransformedTouchEvent
- /**
- * Transforms a motion event into the coordinate space of a particular child view,
- * filters out irrelevant pointer ids, and overrides its action if necessary.
- * If child is null, assumes the MotionEvent will be sent to this ViewGroup instead.
- */
- private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
- View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
- final boolean handled;
- // Canceling motions is a special case. We don't need to perform any transformations
- // or filtering. The important part is the action, not the contents.
- final int oldAction = event.getAction();
- if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
- event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
- if (child == null) {
- //这里就是ViewGroup对点击事件的处理,其调用了View的dispatchTouchEvent方法
- handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
- } else {
- handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
- }
- event.setAction(oldAction);
- return handled;
- }
- // Calculate the number of pointers to deliver.
- final int oldPointerIdBits = event.getPointerIdBits();
- final int newPointerIdBits = oldPointerIdBits & desiredPointerIdBits;
- // If for some reason we ended up in an inconsistent state where it looks like we
- // might produce a motion event with no pointers in it, then drop the event.
- if (newPointerIdBits == 0) {
- return false;
- }
- // If the number of pointers is the same and we don't need to perform any fancy
- // irreversible transformations, then we can reuse the motion event for this
- // dispatch as long as we are careful to revert any changes we make.
- // Otherwise we need to make a copy.
- final MotionEvent transformedEvent;
- if (newPointerIdBits == oldPointerIdBits) {
- if (child == null || child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
- if (child == null) {
- handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
- } else {
- final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
- final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
- event.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
- handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
- event.offsetLocation(-offsetX, -offsetY);
- }
- return handled;
- }
- transformedEvent = MotionEvent.obtain(event);
- } else {
- transformedEvent = event.split(newPointerIdBits);
- }
- // Perform any necessary transformations and dispatch.
- if (child == null) {
- handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
- } else {
- final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
- final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
- transformedEvent.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
- if (! child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
- transformedEvent.transform(child.getInverseMatrix());
- }
- handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
- }
- // Done.
- transformedEvent.recycle();
- return handled;
- }
再看
Code:View#dispatchTouchEvent
- /**
- * Pass the touch screen motion event down to the target view, or this
- * view if it is the target.
- *
- * @param event The motion event to be dispatched.
- * @return True if the event was handled by the view, false otherwise.
- */
- public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
- if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
- mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(event, 0);
- }
- if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
- //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
- ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
- if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
- && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
- return true;
- }
- if (onTouchEvent(event)) {
- return true;
- }
- }
- if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
- mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(event, 0);
- }
- return false;
- }
这段代码比较简单,View对事件的处理是这样的:如果设置了OnTouchListener就调用onTouch,否则就直接调用onTouchEvent,而onClick是在onTouchEvent内部通过performClick触发的。简单来说,事件如果被ViewGroup拦截或者子View的onTouchEvent都返回了false,则事件最终由ViewGroup处理。
3.无人处理的点击事件
如果一个点击事件,子View的onTouchEvent返回了false,则父View的onTouchEvent会被直接调用,以此类推。如果所有的View都不处理,则最终会由Activity来处理,这个时候,Activity的onTouchEvent会被调用。这个问题已经在1和2中做了说明。
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