C# 身份证号码15位和18位验证

/// <summary>
/// 身份证
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class IDCard
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 身份证号
    /// </summary>
    public string IDCardNum { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 行政区
    /// </summary>
    public string Canton { get; private set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 出生日期
    /// </summary>
    public DateTime Birthday { get; private set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 性别(0-女；1-男)
    /// </summary>
    public int Gander { get; private set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 是否为合法身份证号
    /// </summary>
    public bool IsIDCard { get; private set; }

    public IDCard() { }

    public IDCard(string IDnumber)
    {
        this.IDCardNum = IDnumber;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="number"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static IDCard Parse(string number)
    {
        IDCard idCard = new IDCard(number);

        const int s5bits = 15;
        const int s8bits = 18;

        #region 15位
        if (number.Length == s5bits)  //15位的处理
        {
            //检查输入是否为数字
            for (int i = 0; i < number.Length; i++)
            {
                if ((number[i] < '0') || (number[i] > '9'))
                {
                    throw new FormatException("身份证号错误");
                }
            }

            //出生日期
            string birthday = "19" + number.Substring(6, 6);
            string year = birthday.Substring(0, 4);
            string month = birthday.Substring(4, 2);
            string day = birthday.Substring(6, 2);
            birthday = string.Format("{0}-{1}-{2}", year, month, day);

            DateTime date = new DateTime();
            if (DateTime.TryParse(birthday, out date))
            {
                idCard.Birthday = date;
            }
            else
            {
                throw new InvalidCastException("身份证号出生日期错误");
            }
            
            //性别
            if ((number[s5bits - 1] == '0') || (number[s5bits - 1] % 2 == 0))
            {
                idCard.Gander = 0; // 女
            }
            else
            {
                idCard.Gander = 1; // 男
            }

            idCard.IsIDCard = true;
            return idCard;
        }
        #endregion

        #region 18位
        else if (number.Length == s8bits)  //18位的处理
        {
            // 检查前17位是否为数字
            for (int i = 0; i < number.Length -1; i++)
            {
                if ((number[i] < '0') || (number[i] > '9'))
                {
                    throw new FormatException("身份证号错误");
                }
            }

            char end = number[s8bits - 1];  //最后一位

            //最后1位是x转成大写X
            if (end == 'x')
            {
                end = 'X';
                number = number.Substring(0, s8bits - 1) + end;
            }

            if (!(end == 'X' || (end >= '0' && end <= '9')))
            {
                throw new FormatException("身份证号错误");
            }
            
            /// 校验
            int num = 0;
            char proof;
            for (int i = 17; i > 0; i--)
            {
                num = num + (int)(Math.Pow(2, i) % 11) * (number[17 - i] - 48);
            }
            num %= 11;
            switch (num)
            {
                case 0:
                    proof = '1';
                    break;
                case 1:
                    proof = '0';
                    break;
                case 2:
                    proof = 'X';
                    break;
                default:
                    proof = (char)(12 - num + 48);
                    break;
            }

            if (end != proof)  //最后一位与校验码不符
            {
                throw new FormatException("身份证号错误");
            }

            //出生日期
            string birthday = number.Substring(6, 8);
            string year = birthday.Substring(0, 4);
            string month = birthday.Substring(4, 2);
            string day = birthday.Substring(6, 2);
            birthday = string.Format("{0}-{1}-{2}", year, month, day);

            DateTime date = new DateTime();
            if (DateTime.TryParse(birthday, out date))
            {
                idCard.Birthday = date;
            }
            else
            {
                throw new InvalidCastException("身份证号出生日期错误");
            }

            //行政区
            idCard.Canton = number.Substring(0, 6);

            //性别
            if ((number[16] == '0') || (number[16] % 2 == 0))
            {
                idCard.Gander = 0;  //女
            }
            else
            {
                idCard.Gander = 1;  //男
            }

            idCard.IsIDCard = true;
            return idCard;
        }
        #endregion
        else
        {
            throw new FormatException("无效的身份证号码位数：" + number.Length);
        }
    }

    public static bool TryParse(string number, out IDCard card)
    {
        IDCard idCard = null;
        bool isIdCard = true;
        try
        {
            Parse(number);
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            isIdCard = false;
        }
        card = idCard;
        return isIdCard;
    }
}