SpringBoot(十四)：SpringCloud初步认识

SpringCloud是一个基于SpringBoot实现的云应用开发工具，它为开发人员提供了一些工具来快速构建分布式系统中的一些常见模式（例如配置管理、服务发现、断路器、智能路由、微代理、控制总线、一次性令牌、全局锁、领导层选举，分布式会话，群集状态等）。分布式系统的协调导致了锅炉板模式，使用Spring Cloud开发人员可以快速建立实现这些模式的服务和应用程序。它们在任何分布式环境中都能很好地工作，包括开发人员自己的笔记本电脑、裸机数据中心和云计算（Cloud Foundry）等托管平台。

特性

Spring Cloud致力于为典型用例提供良好的开箱即用体验，并提供覆盖其他用例的扩展机制。

Distributed/versioned configuration（分布式/版本化配置）

Service registration and discovery（服务注册和发现）

Routing（路由）

Service-to-service calls（服务到服务呼叫）

Load balancing（负载均衡）

Circuit Breakers（断路器）

Global locks（全局锁）

Leadership election and cluster state（领导选举与集群状态管理）

Distributed messaging（分布式消息传递）

Spring Cloud采用了一种非常声明性的方法，通常您只需更改类路径和/或注释就可以获得很多特性。

主要项目

SpringCloud包含多个子系统（针对分布式系统中涉及的多个不同的开源产品），比如：Spring Cloud Config、Spring Cloud Netflix、Spring Cloud CloudFoundry、Spring Cloud AWS、Spring Cloud Security、Spring Cloud Commons、Spring Cloud Zookeeper、Spring Cloud CLI等项目。

Spring Cloud Config

Centralized external configuration management backed by a git repository. The configuration resources map directly to Spring Environment but could be used by non-Spring applications if desired.

由git存储库支持的集中式外部配置管理。配置资源直接映射到spring环境，但如果需要，可以由非spring应用程序使用。

Spring Cloud Netflix

Integration with various Netflix OSS components (Eureka, Hystrix, Zuul, Archaius, etc.).

集成各种Netflix OSS组件（Eureka、Hystrix、Zuul、Archaius等）。

Spring Cloud Bus

An event bus for linking services and service instances together with distributed messaging. Useful for propagating state changes across a cluster (e.g. config change events).

用于将服务和服务实例与分布式消息传递链接在一起的事件总线。用于在群集上传播状态更改（例如配置更改事件）。

Spring Cloud Cloudfoundry

Integrates your application with Pivotal Cloud Foundry. Provides a service discovery implementation and also makes it easy to implement SSO and OAuth2 protected resources.

将应用程序与Pivotal Cloud Foundry集成。提供服务发现实现，并使实现sso和oauth2保护的资源变得容易。

Spring Cloud Open Service Broker

Provides a starting point for building a service broker that implements the Open Service Broker API.

提供构建实现开放式Service Broker API的Service Broker的起点。

Spring Cloud Cluster

Leadership election and common stateful patterns with an abstraction and implementation for Zookeeper, Redis, Hazelcast, Consul.

领导选举和公共状态模式，具有ZooKeeper、Redis、Hazelcast、Consul的抽象和实现。

Spring Cloud Consul

Service discovery and configuration management with Hashicorp Consul.

使用Hashicorp Consul进行服务发现和配置管理。

Spring Cloud Security

Provides support for load-balanced OAuth2 rest client and authentication header relays in a Zuul proxy.

提供对zuul代理中负载平衡的oauth2 rest客户端和身份验证头中继的支持。

Spring Cloud Sleuth

Distributed tracing for Spring Cloud applications, compatible with Zipkin, HTrace and log-based (e.g. ELK) tracing.

spring云应用程序的分布式跟踪，与Zipkin、HTrace和基于日志（例如ELK）的跟踪兼容。

Spring Cloud Data Flow

A cloud-native orchestration service for composable microservice applications on modern runtimes. Easy-to-use DSL, drag-and-drop GUI, and REST-APIs together simplifies the overall orchestration of microservice based data pipelines.

现代运行时上可组合微服务应用程序的云本机编排服务。易于使用的dsl、拖放GUI和restapi一起简化了基于微服务的数据管道的总体编排。

Spring Cloud Stream

A lightweight event-driven microservices framework to quickly build applications that can connect to external systems. Simple declarative model to send and receive messages using Apache Kafka or RabbitMQ between Spring Boot apps.

一个轻量级事件驱动的微服务框架，用于快速构建可以连接到外部系统的应用程序。使用Apache Kafka或RabbitMQ在SpringBoot应用程序之间发送和接收消息的简单声明模型。

Spring云流应用程序启动程序

Spring Cloud Stream App Starters

Spring Cloud Stream App Starters are Spring Boot based Spring Integration applications that provide integration with external systems.

Spring Cloud Stream App Starters是基于spring boot的spring集成应用程序，提供与外部系统的集成。

Spring Cloud Task

A short-lived microservices framework to quickly build applications that perform finite amounts of data processing. Simple declarative for adding both functional and non-functional features to Spring Boot apps.

一个短命的微服务框架，用于快速构建执行有限数据处理的应用程序。用于向Spring Boot应用程序添加功能性和非功能性功能的简单声明式。

Spring Cloud Task App Starters

Spring Cloud Task App Starters are Spring Boot applications that may be any process including Spring Batch jobs that do not run forever, and they end/stop after a finite period of data processing.

Spring Cloud Task App Starters是spring boot应用程序，可以是任何进程，包括不会永远运行的spring batch作业，它们在有限的数据处理周期后结束/停止。

Spring Cloud Zookeeper

Service discovery and configuration management with Apache Zookeeper.

使用apache zookeeper进行服务发现和配置管理。

Spring Cloud AWS

Easy integration with hosted Amazon Web Services. It offers a convenient way to interact with AWS provided services using well-known Spring idioms and APIs, such as the messaging or caching API. Developers can build their application around the hosted services without having to care about infrastructure or maintenance.

与托管的Amazon Web服务轻松集成。它提供了一种使用众所周知的spring习惯用法和api（比如消息传递或缓存api）与aws提供的服务交互的便捷方式。开发人员可以围绕托管服务构建应用程序，而不必关心基础设施或维护。

Spring Cloud Connectors

Makes it easy for PaaS applications in a variety of platforms to connect to backend services like databases and message brokers (the project formerly known as "Spring Cloud").

使各种平台中的paas应用程序很容易连接到后端服务，如数据库和消息代理（以前称为“spring cloud”的项目）。

Spring Cloud Starters

Spring Boot-style starter projects to ease dependency management for consumers of Spring Cloud. (Discontinued as a project and merged with the other projects after Angel.SR2.)

spring boot风格的starter项目可以简化spring cloud用户的依赖管理。（作为项目中止，并在Angel.SR2之后与其他项目合并。）

Spring Cloud CLI

Spring Boot CLI plugin for creating Spring Cloud component applications quickly in Groovy

用于在groovy中快速创建spring cloud组件应用程序的spring boot cli插件

Spring Cloud Contract

Spring Cloud Contract is an umbrella project holding solutions that help users in successfully implementing the Consumer Driven Contracts approach.

Spring Cloud Contract是一个伞形项目，它拥有帮助用户成功实现消费者驱动的合同方法的解决方案。

Spring Cloud Gateway

Spring Cloud Gateway is an intelligent and programmable router based on Project Reactor.

Spring Cloud Gateway是一种基于Project Reactor的智能可编程路由器。

Spring Cloud OpenFeign

Spring Cloud OpenFeign provides integrations for Spring Boot apps through autoconfiguration and binding to the Spring Environment and other Spring programming model idioms.

Spring Cloud OpenFeign通过自动配置、绑定到spring环境和其他spring编程模型习惯用法，为spring启动应用程序提供集成。

Spring Cloud Pipelines

Spring Cloud Pipelines provides an opinionated deployment pipeline with steps to ensure that your application can be deployed in zero downtime fashion and easilly rolled back of something goes wrong.

Spring Cloud Pipelines提供了一个固执己见的部署管道，其中包含了一些步骤，以确保您的应用程序能够以零停机时间的方式部署，并且可以轻松地回滚错误。

Spring Cloud Function

Spring Cloud Function promotes the implementation of business logic via functions. It supports a uniform programming model across serverless providers, as well as the ability to run standalone (locally or in a PaaS).

Spring Cloud Function通过函数来促进业务逻辑的实现。它支持跨无服务器提供者的统一编程模型，以及独立运行（本地或在paas中）的能力。

目前这么多项目怎么用还不清楚，暂时先只了解他们的一个大概功能，后边再逐个了解掌握。