二进制包安装MySQL数据库

1.1二进制包安装MySQL数据库

1.1.1 安装前准备(规范)

 [root@Mysql_server ~]# mkdir -p /home/zhurui/tools  ##创建指定工具包存放路径
 [root@Mysql_server ~]# wget http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/pub/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz  ##下载二进制包
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# tar xf mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz   ##解压Mysql包
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql  ##创建mysql用户
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# id mysql
 uid=501(mysql) gid=501(mysql) groups=501(mysql)
 [root@Mysql_server ~]# mkdir /application/
 [root@Mysql_server home]# mv /home/zhurui/tools/mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.32
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/
 total 4
 drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 mysql-5.5.32
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.32/ /application/mysql  ##设置软链接
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/
 total 4
 lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   26 Dec 13 14:39 mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.32/
 drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 mysql-5.5.32
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/mysql/
 total 76
 drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 bin
 -rw-r--r--.  1 7161 wheel 17987 Jun 19  2013 COPYING
 drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 data
 drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:30 docs
 drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 include
 -rw-r--r--.  1 7161 wheel  7470 Jun 19  2013 INSTALL-BINARY
 drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 lib
 drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 man
 drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 mysql-test
 -rw-r--r--.  1 7161 wheel  2496 Jun 19  2013 README
 drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 scripts
 drwxr-xr-x. 27 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 share
 drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 sql-bench
 drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 support-files

1.1.2 初始化数据库

 [root@Mysql_server tools]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql  ##初始化数据库
 Installing MySQL system tables...
 OK
 Filling help tables...
 OK
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/mysql/data/  ##查看初始化结果
 total 12
 drwx------. 2 mysql root  4096 Dec 13 14:45 mysql
 drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 13 14:45 performance_schema
 drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql root  4096 Dec 13 14:31 test

1.1.3 授权Mysql管理数据库文件

 [root@Mysql_server ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/
 [root@Mysql_server ~]# ll /application/mysql
 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 26 Dec 13 14:39 /application/mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.32/

1.1.4 生成Mysql配置文件

 [root@Mysql_server tools]# \cp /application/mysql/support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf

1.1.5 配置启动Mysql

 [root@Mysql_server tools]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld  ##将生成的启动脚本拷贝到init.d目录下
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld 

1.1.6 启动Mysql

 [root@Mysql_server tools]# lsof -i :3306  ##查询Mysql服务是否开启
 [root@Mysql_server tools]#
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start  ##启动Mysql服务
 Starting MySQL.... SUCCESS!
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# lsof -i :3306
 COMMAND  PID  USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
 mysqld  2235 mysql   10u  IPv4  22761      0t0  TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# 

1.1.7 配置环境变量

方法1：

 [root@Mysql_server tools]# cp /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin/ ##方法1

方法2：

 [root@Mysql_server tools]# tail -1 /etc/profile
 PATH="/application/mysql/bin:$PATH"   ##尾部添加如下行
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# source /etc/profile    ##使得配置生效

1.1.8 设置及更改密码

 [root@Mysql_server tools]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123456
 [root@Mysql_server tools]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password zhurui

2.1 数据库管理

 [root@Mysql_server tools]# mysql -uroot -p
 Enter password:
 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 Your MySQL connection id is 8
 Server version: 5.5.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
 owners.

 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 mysql> show databases;   ##查看数据库；
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 | test               |
 +--------------------+
 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> drop database test;  ##删除test库；
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 mysql> show databases;
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 +--------------------+
 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;  ##查看用户列表；
 +------+---------------+
 | user | host          |
 +------+---------------+
 | root | 127.0.0.1     |
 | root | ::1           |
 |      | Mysql\_server |
 | root | Mysql\_server |
 |      | localhost     |
 | root | localhost     |
 +------+---------------+
 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> drop user root@'::1';  ##删除无用用户
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 mysql> drop user ''@'Mysql\_server';      ##对于大写、特殊字符删除不了，下面有介绍
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 mysql> drop user ''@'localhost';
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

 mysql> drop user 'root'@'Mysql\_server';  对于大写、特殊字符删除不了，下面有介绍
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
 +------+---------------+
 | user | host          |
 +------+---------------+
 | root | 127.0.0.1     |
 |      | Mysql\_server |
 | root | Mysql\_server |
 | root | localhost     |
 +------+---------------+
 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 对于大写、特殊字符删除不了解决办法：
 mysql> delete from mysql.user where user="" and host="Mysql\_server";
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

 mysql> delete from mysql.user where user="root" and host="Mysql\_server";
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;  ##将无用用户删除以后，查看用户列表
 +------+-----------+
 | user | host      |
 +------+-----------+
 | root | 127.0.0.1 |
 | root | localhost |
 +------+-----------+
 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 mysql> flush privileges;  ##最后使得权限生效
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

创建用户sql语句：

 mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by '' with grant option;flush privileges;

 mysql> update mysql.user set host='httpd' where host='localhost' and user='root';  ##变更用户信息
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.47 sec)
 Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
 +------+-----------+
 | user | host      |
 +------+-----------+
 | root | 127.0.0.1 |
 | root | httpd     |
 +------+-----------+
 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> update mysql.user set host='localhost' where host='httpd' and user='root';         ##修改主机htttpd为localhost
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
 +------+-----------+
 | user | host      |
 +------+-----------+
 | root | 127.0.0.1 |
 | root | localhost |
 +------+-----------+
 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)