selenium3 web自动化测试框架 二：页面基础操作、元素定位方法封装、页面操作方法封装

学习目的：

掌握自动化框架中需要的一些基础web操作

正式步骤：

使用title_contains检查页面是否正确

---

# -*-  coding:utf-8 -*-
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

dr = webdriver.Chrome()
url = "https://www.baidu.com"
dr.get(url)
#校验title是否包含校验的内容
a = EC.title_contains("百度一下，你就知道")
#如果包含括号内的内容，则会打印
if a:
    print("title正确")
time.sleep(3)
dr.close()

使用Expected_conditions判断元素是否可见

---

# -*-  coding:utf-8 -*-

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

url = "http://www.5itest.cn/register"
dr = webdriver.Chrome()
dr.get(url)
time.sleep(3)
EC.title_contains("注册")

#注册输入操作，如果用element直接传参到WebDriverWait会报错，提示需要传入一个可迭代对象，而不是webelement，所以传入locator
element = dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="register_email"]')
locator = (By.XPATH,'//*[@id="register_email"]')
WebDriverWait(dr,10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(locator))
element.send_keys("111@163.com")

time.sleep(3)
dr.close()

获取定位的标签属性或者输入的内容

---

# -*-  coding:utf-8 -*-
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

url = "http://www.5itest.cn/register"
dr = webdriver.Chrome()
dr.get(url)
time.sleep(3)
EC.title_contains("注册")

email_element = dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="register_email"]')
#打印定位了email的标签其他元素属性
print(email_element.get_attribute("placeholder"))
email_element.send_keys("test@163.com")
#获取输入的内容，查看是否输入正确
text = email_element.get_attribute("value")
assert text == "test@163.com"

time.sleep(1)
dr.quit()

随机生成数据：用户名、邮箱账号

---

# -*-  coding:utf-8 -*-
import random
import time
from selenium import webdriver

url = "http://www.5itest.cn/register"
dr = webdriver.Chrome()
dr.get(url)
time.sleep(3)
#Python join() 方法用于将序列中的元素以指定的字符连接生成一个新的字符串。
data_email = ''.join(random.sample("123456789abcdefg",6))+'@163.com'
data_name = ''.join(random.sample("AaBbCcDdEeFf",4))
dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="register_email"]').send_keys(data_email)
dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="register_nickname"]').send_keys(data_name)
time.sleep(3)
dr.close()

解决验证码--获取验证码图片

---

# -*-  coding:utf-8 -*-

import time
import random
from PIL import Image
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from  selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from  selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

url = "http://www.5itest.cn/register"
dr = webdriver.Chrome()
dr.get(url)
dr.maximize_window()
time.sleep(3)
element_email = dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="register_email"]')
elemant_name = dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="register_nickname"]')
elemant_pwd = dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="register_password"]')
data_email = ''.join(random.sample('asdzxc123456',6))
data_name = ''.join(random.sample('BNMGHJ',4))
locator = (By.XPATH,'//*[@id="register_email"]')
WebDriverWait(dr,10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(locator))
element_email.send_keys(data_email+'@163.com')
elemant_name.send_keys(data_name)
elemant_pwd.send_keys('')

#图片处理
dr.save_screenshot(r"F:\python_stack\python_autotest\num.png")
element_code = dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="getcode_num"]')
print(element_code.location)
code_left = element_code.location['x']
code_top = element_code.location['y']
code_right = element_code.size['width']+code_left
code_bottom = element_code.size['height'] + code_top
#打开页面的截图
im = Image.open("F:/python_stack/python_autotest/num.png")
#根据上下左右的坐标，来截取验证码图片
img = im.crop((code_left,code_top,code_right,code_bottom))
img.save("F:/python_stack/python_autotest/num_code.png")

time.sleep(3)
dr.close()

从验证码图片获取验证码

---

import pytesseract
from PIL import Image

img = Image.open("F:/python_stack/python_autotest/num_code.png")
text = pytesseract.image_to_string(img)
print(text)

PS：

如果报错：tesseract is not installed or it's not in your path

请自己下载一个Tesseract-OCR

可以参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42184699/article/details/92575404

重构封装读取配置文件方法

---

配置文件内容：

[RegisterElement]
element_email=id>register_email
elemant_name=id>register_nickname
elemant_pwd=id>register_password
[/RegisterElement]

读取配置文件代码：

# -*-  coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
pip install Configparser 安装参数解析读取的包
'''

import configparser

class ReadIni(object):
    def __init__(self,filename = None,node= None):
        if filename == None:
            filename = "F:/python_stack/python_autotest/config/LocalElement.ini"
        if node == None:
            self.node = "RegisterElement"
        else:
            self.node = node
        self.cf = self.load_ini(filename)
#加载文件
    def load_ini(self,filename):
        cf = configparser.ConfigParser()
        cf.read(filename)
        return cf
#获取value值
    def get_value(self,key):
        data = self.cf.get(self.node,key)
        return data

if __name__ == "__main__":
    test = ReadIni()
    print(test.get_value("elemant_pwd"))

封装定位元素类 ： find_elemnet.py

---

# -*-  coding:utf-8 -*-
from util.ReadIni import ReadIni
from selenium import webdriver

class FindElement(object):
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver

    def get_element(self, key):
        readini = ReadIni()
        data = readini.get_value(key)
        by = data.split(">")[0]
        # print(by)
        value = data.split(">")[1]
        # print(value)
        try:
            if by == 'id':
                return self.driver.find_element_by_id(value)
            elif by == "name":
                return self.driver.find_element_by_name(value)
            elif by == "className":
                return self.driver.find_element_by_className(value)
            else:
                return self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(value)
        except:
            return None

if __name__ == "__main__":
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    test = FindElement(driver)
    test.get_element("element_email")

　　

页面注册方法封装示例

---

# -*-  coding:utf-8 -*-
from util.find_elemnet import FindElement
from selenium import webdriver

class RegisterFunction(object):
    def __init__(self,url):
        self.driver = self.get_driver(url)

    #获取driver，并打开网页
    def get_driver(self,url):
        driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        driver.get(url)
        driver.maximize_window()
        return driver

    #输入用户信息
    def send_user_info(self,key,data):
        self.get_user_element(key).send_keys(data)

    #定位用户的各个element,find_element为find_element.py的实例，然后把实例化的self.driver传入
    #然后find_element就可以正常定位
    def get_user_element(self,key):
        find_element = FindElement(self.driver)
        user_element = find_element.get_element(key)
        return user_element

    def main(self):
        self.send_user_info("element_email","test@163.com")
        self.send_user_info("elemant_name","admin")
        self.send_user_info("elemant_pwd", "")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = "http://www.5itest.cn/register"
    register = RegisterFunction(url)
    register.main()

总结：

页面的常用方法建议本地建立一个方法库表格，后续直接参考，这个是后续要写的