Excel 电子表格文件格式剖析

Excel 电子表格文件格式,这种Excel和其他的Excel是不同的。他的本质上是一个Xml文件（用英文版的UtraEdit可以看到），所以他可以保存任何符号的字符，包括&(它在Xml文件中是一种特殊字符。所以用aspose等工具是不能读取这种字符的)。

反过来说，我们从中可以得到一种快速生成带有多个Worksheet的Workbook的Excel,从xml文件处理的个角度入手。

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?mso-application progid="Excel.Sheet"?>
<Workbook xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel" xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet" xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<DocumentProperties xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"><Author>Gary Lim</Author></DocumentProperties><ExcelWorkbook xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel">
<ProtectStructure>False</ProtectStructure>
<ProtectWindows>False</ProtectWindows>
</ExcelWorkbook>

<Styles>
<Style ss:ID="Default" ss:Name="Normal">
<Alignment ss:Vertical="Bottom"/>
<Borders/>
<Font/>
<Interior/>
<NumberFormat/>
<Protection/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="s27" ss:Name="Hyperlink">
<Font ss:Color="#0000FF" ss:Underline="Single"/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="s24">
<Font x:Family="Swiss" ss:Bold="1"/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="s25">
<Font x:Family="Swiss" ss:Italic="1"/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="s26">
<Alignment ss:Horizontal="Center" ss:Vertical="Bottom"/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="my24">
<Font x:Family="Swiss" ss:Size="12"/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="my28">
<Alignment ss:Horizontal="Left" ss:Vertical="Center"/>
<Font x:Family="Swiss" ss:Size="12" ss:Bold="1"/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="my32">
<Alignment ss:Vertical="Center"/>
<Font x:Family="Swiss" ss:Size="12"/>
</Style>
</Styles>

<WorksheetOptions xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel">
<Selected/>
</WorksheetOptions>

<Worksheet ss:Name="Info">
<Table>
<Column ss:AutoFitWidth="0" ss:Width="123"/>
<Column ss:AutoFitWidth="0" ss:Width="196.5"/>
<Row ss:AutoFitHeight="0" ss:Height="39.75">
<Cell ss:MergeAcross="1" ss:StyleID="my28"><Data ss:Type="String">Report Information</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row ss:Height="15">
<Cell ss:MergeAcross="1" ss:StyleID="my32"/>
</Row>
<Row ss:Height="15">
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">MoAddress</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">SN=Eri3G,RNC=BORNC01</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row ss:Height="15">
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">Data Date</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">6/23/2013 3:25:00 AM</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row ss:Height="15">
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">Report Created Date</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">6/23/2013 4:04:01 AM</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row ss:Height="15">
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">VendorName</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">Ericsson</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row ss:Height="15">
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">Data Version</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">W10.1</Data></Cell>
</Row>
</Table>
</Worksheet>

<Worksheet ss:Name="NodeB_Info">
<Table>
<Column ss:AutoFitWidth="0" ss:Width="300"/>
<Row ss:AutoFitHeight="1" ss:Height="16">
<Cell ss:StyleID="s24"><Data ss:Type="String">MoAddress</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="s24"><Data ss:Type="String">NodeB Label</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="s24"><Data ss:Type="String">NodeB Id</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="s24"><Data ss:Type="String">Last Updated Date</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row ss:AutoFitHeight="1" >

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">SN=Eri3G,RNC=BORNC01,NodeB=BA3036W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">BA3036W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">BA3036W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">6/22/2013 5:01:05 AM</Data></Cell>

</Row>

<Row ss:AutoFitHeight="1" >

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">SN=Eri3G,RNC=BORNC01,NodeB=BA3039W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">BA3039W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">BA3039W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">6/22/2013 5:01:05 AM</Data></Cell>

</Row>

<Row ss:AutoFitHeight="1" >

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">SN=Eri3G,RNC=BORNC01,NodeB=BA3040W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">BA3040W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">BA3040W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">6/22/2013 5:01:05 AM</Data></Cell>

</Row>

</Table>
</Worksheet>
</Workbook>

这是一个txt文件，也可以是一个xml文件，当我们把他的后缀名修改成.xls的时候，我们居然可以看到是一个带有两个worksheet的workbook的excel 文件

读取方式：

public class TableReader
    {
        private List<System.Data.DataTable> _vlstDtDestination = new List<System.Data.DataTable>();
        private TableParser _vTableParser = null;

        public List<System.Data.DataTable> DataTableList
        {
            get { return _vlstDtDestination; }
        }

        public void Read(System.IO.StringReader strReader)
        {
            System.Xml.XmlReaderSettings xmlReaderSettings = CustomXmlReaderSetting.Create();
            using (System.Xml.XmlReader xmlReader = System.Xml.XmlReader.Create(strReader, xmlReaderSettings))
            {
                string currentNode = string.Empty;
                string currentTableName = string.Empty;
                KeyValuePair<string, string> currentPair;
                while(xmlReader.Read())
                {
                    if (xmlReader.NodeType == System.Xml.XmlNodeType.Element && xmlReader.Name == "Worksheet")
                    {
                        currentTableName = xmlReader.GetAttribute("ss:Name");

                        #region Test
                        if (currentTableName == "Rnc")
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine();
                        }
                        #endregion

                        if (currentTableName == "Info")
                        {
                            continue;
                        }
                        currentNode = xmlReader.ReadOuterXml();
                        currentPair=new KeyValuePair<string, string>(currentTableName,currentNode);
                        Parse(currentPair);
                        currentPair = new KeyValuePair<string, string>(null,null);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        #region Private's
        private void Parse(KeyValuePair<string, string> source)
        {
            if (_vTableParser==null)
            {
                _vTableParser = new TableParser(_vlstDtDestination);
            }
            _vTableParser.Parse(source);
        }
        #endregion

    }

public class TableParser
    {
        private List<System.Data.DataTable> _vlstDtDestination = null;

        public TableParser(List<System.Data.DataTable> dtList)
        {
            _vlstDtDestination = dtList;
        }

        public void Parse(KeyValuePair<string,string> source)
        {
            if(source.Key.Trim()=="")
            {
                return;
            }

            System.Data.DataTable currentDt = null;
            foreach(System.Data.DataTable dt in _vlstDtDestination)
            {
                if(dt.TableName==source.Key)
                {
                    currentDt = dt;
                }
            }
            if(currentDt==null)
            {
                currentDt = new System.Data.DataTable(source.Key);
                _vlstDtDestination.Add(currentDt);
            }

            if(source.Value.Trim()=="")
            {
                return;
            }
            System.IO.StringReader reader = new System.IO.StringReader(source.Value);
            System.Xml.XmlReaderSettings xmlReaderSettings = CustomXmlReaderSetting.Create();
            using(System.Xml.XmlReader xmlReader=System.Xml.XmlReader.Create(reader,xmlReaderSettings))
            {
                System.Data.DataRow currentDr = null;
                bool isValued = false;
                bool isConstructed = false;
                int index = ;

                while (xmlReader.Read())
                {
                    switch (xmlReader.NodeType)
                    {
                        case System.Xml.XmlNodeType.Element:
                            if (xmlReader.Name == "Row")
                            {
                                if (isValued)
                                {
                                    currentDt.Rows.Add(currentDr);
                                }
                                currentDr = currentDt.NewRow();
                                index = ;
                            }

                            if (xmlReader.Name == "Data")
                            {
                                if (!isConstructed)
                                {
                                    currentDt.Columns.Add(xmlReader.ReadString(), typeof(System.String));
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    currentDr[index++] = xmlReader.ReadString();
                                    if (!isValued)
                                    {
                                        isValued = true;
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            break;
                        case System.Xml.XmlNodeType.EndElement:
                            if (xmlReader.Name == "Row" && !isConstructed)
                            {
                                isConstructed = true;
                            }
                            break;
                    }
                }
                if (isValued)
                {
                    currentDt.Rows.Add(currentDr);
                }

            }
        }

    }

public class CustomXmlReaderSetting
{
    public static System.Xml.XmlReaderSettings Create()
    {
        System.Xml.XmlReaderSettings xmlReaderSettings = new System.Xml.XmlReaderSettings();
        xmlReaderSettings.ProhibitDtd = false;
        xmlReaderSettings.CheckCharacters = false;
        return xmlReaderSettings;
    }
}

public class StreamFilter
    {
        public static System.IO.StringReader Filter(string path)
        {
            System.IO.FileStream fileStream = new System.IO.FileStream(
                    path,
                    System.IO.FileMode.Open,
                    System.IO.FileAccess.Read,
                    System.IO.FileShare.ReadWrite
                );
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

            fileStream.Seek(,System.IO.SeekOrigin.Begin);
            System.IO.StreamReader streamReader = new System.IO.StreamReader(fileStream);

            for (string strLine = streamReader.ReadLine(); !streamReader.EndOfStream; strLine = streamReader.ReadLine())
            {
                strLine = strLine.Replace("&", "&");
                builder.AppendFormat("{0}\n",strLine);
            }

            System.IO.StringReader strReader = new System.IO.StringReader(builder.ToString());
            return strReader;
        }

    }

public class NameHandler
    {
        public static string ConvertName(string name)
        {
            string result = name.Trim();

            result = Regex.Replace(result, "[^a-zA-Z\\d]", "_");

            result = Regex.Replace(result, "_{2,}", "_");

            if (result.StartsWith("_")) result = result.Substring(, result.Length - );
            if (result.EndsWith("_")) result = result.Substring(, result.Length - );

            return result;
        }
    }

The xml iteself is broken up into several major section:
Workbook:Root node of the xml,parent to all the other sections.
DocumentProperties:Most of the importation one sees when accessing File->Properties is defined here.
Styles:Formatting information defined here is available to different row,columns and specific cells in the worksheets.
Worksheet(s):As many worksheets as you want are defined here.

Worksheets consist of two major sections:
Table:This is where all visible data in the spreadsheet is stored.
WorksheetOptions:Global options for the worksheet itself.

Finally,the Table section defines two components:
Column
Row / Cell

With this information in hand one can plan out how to create the xml document that will then load into Microsoft Excel and look,feel and operate like a document created by sophisticate,loving user.

参考：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office_XML_formats