【LeetCode】399. Evaluate Division 解题报告(Python)
作者: 负雪明烛
id: fuxuemingzhu
个人博客: http://fuxuemingzhu.cn/
题目地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/delete-and-earn/description/
题目描述
Equations are given in the format A / B = k, where A and B are variables represented as strings, and k is a real number (floating point number). Given some queries, return the answers. If the answer does not exist, return -1.0.
Example:
Given a / b = 2.0, b / c = 3.0.
queries are: a / c = ?, b / a = ?, a / e = ?, a / a = ?, x / x = ? .
return [6.0, 0.5, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0 ].
The input is: vector<pair<string, string>> equations, vector& values, vector<pair<string, string>> queries , where equations.size() == values.size(), and the values are positive. This represents the equations. Return vector.
According to the example above:
equations = [ ["a", "b"], ["b", "c"] ],
values = [2.0, 3.0],
queries = [ ["a", "c"], ["b", "a"], ["a", "e"], ["a", "a"], ["x", "x"] ].
The input is always valid. You may assume that evaluating the queries will result in no division by zero and there is no contradiction.
题目大意
已经给出了某些变量的比值,求新的变量的比值。如果这个变量没有出现过,或者不可到达,那么返回-1.
解题方法
这个题其实是一个带权有向图。
题目中给了顶点和顶点之间的关系,其实就是绘制了这个图。然后要求的新的比值其实就是从一个顶点到达另外一个顶点的路径,并且把这条路径上所有的权重相乘。
注意,如果a/b=3,那么从a到b是3,那么从b到a是1/3.
既然是从一个顶点出发到达另外一个顶点,所以应该是dfs解决的问题。
为了防止在DFS中走已经走过了的路,所以需要使用visited保存每次已经访问过的节点。
Python代码如下:
class Solution:
def calcEquation(self, equations, values, queries):
"""
:type equations: List[List[str]]
:type values: List[float]
:type queries: List[List[str]]
:rtype: List[float]
"""
table = collections.defaultdict(dict)
for (x, y), value in zip(equations, values):
table[x][y] = value
table[y][x] = 1.0 / value
ans = [self.dfs(x, y, table, set()) if x in table and y in table else -1.0 for (x, y) in queries]
return ans
def dfs(self, x, y, table, visited):
if x == y:
return 1.0
visited.add(x)
for n in table[x]:
if n in visited: continue
visited.add(n)
d = self.dfs(n, y, table, visited)
if d > 0:
return d * table[x][n]
return -1.0
方法二:
并查集。留给二刷。
参考资料:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UwpvInpgFmo
https://zxi.mytechroad.com/blog/graph/leetcode-399-evaluate-division/
日期
2018 年 9 月 10 日 —— 教师节快乐~
2019 年 3 月 16 日 —— 周末加油~
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