C++ NULL与nullptr的区别
在C里面,由于处处都要使用指针,所以导致NULL遍布各地。我们先来看C99是怎么定义NULL的:
NULL can be defined as any null pointer constant. Thus existing code can retain definitions of
NULL as 0 or 0L, but an implementation may also choose to define it as (void*)0. This latterform of definition is convenient on architectures where sizeof(void*) does not equal thesize of any integer type. It has never been wise to use NULL in place of an arbitrary pointer as afunction argument, however, since pointers to different types need not be the same size. Thelibrary avoids this problem by providing special macros for the arguments to signal, the onelibrary function that might see a null function pointer.
A null pointer constant is an integer literal (2.13.2) with value zero or a prvalue of type std::nullptr_t.
A null pointer constant can be converted to a pointer type; the result is the null pointer value of that typeand is distinguishable from every other value of object pointer or function pointer type. Such a conversionis called a null pointer conversion. Two null pointer values of the same type shall compare equal. Theconversion of a null pointer constant to a pointer to cv-qualified type is a single conversion, and not thesequence of a pointer conversion followed by a qualification conversion (4.4). A null pointer constant ofintegral type can be converted to a prvalue of type std::nullptr_t. [ Note: The resulting prvalue is not anull pointer value. —end note ]
A prvalue of type “pointer to cv T,” where T is an object type, can be converted to a prvalue of type “pointerto cv void”. The result of converting a non-null pointer value of a pointer to object type to a “pointer tocv void” represents the address of the same byte in memory as the original pointer value. The null pointervalue is converted to the null pointer value of the destination type.
A prvalue of type “pointer to cv D”, where D is a class type, can be converted to a prvalue of type “pointerto cv B”, where B is a base class (Clause 10) of D. If B is an inaccessible (Clause 11) or ambiguous (10.2)base class of D, a program that necessitates this conversion is ill-formed. The result of the conversion is apointer to the base class subobject of the derived class object. The null pointer value is converted to thenull pointer value of the destination type.
#ifndef NULL
#ifdef __cplusplus
#define NULL 0
#else
#define NULL ((void *)0)
#endif
#endif
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>
void fun(int)
{
std::cout << "fuck1" << std::endl;
}
void fun(void *)
{
std::cout << "fuck2" << std::endl;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
fun(NULL);
system("pause");
return ;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
fun(nullptr);
system("pause");
return ;
}
struct Fuck
{
Fuck(char *){ }
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
auto p = std::make_shared<Fuck>(NULL);
throwing();
system("pause");
return ;
}
template<class _Ty,
class... _Types> inline
shared_ptr<_Ty> make_shared(_Types&&... _Args)
{ // make a shared_ptr
_Ref_count_obj<_Ty> *_Rx =
new _Ref_count_obj<_Ty>(_STD forward<_Types>(_Args)...);
shared_ptr<_Ty> _Ret;
_Ret._Resetp0(_Rx->_Getptr(), _Rx);
return (_Ret);
}
// TEMPLATE CLASS _Ref_count_obj
template<class _Ty>
class _Ref_count_obj
: public _Ref_count_base
{ // handle reference counting for object in control block, no allocator
public:
template<class... _Types>
_Ref_count_obj(_Types&&... _Args)
: _Ref_count_base()
{ // construct from argument list
::new ((void *)&_Storage) _Ty(_STD forward<_Types>(_Args)...);
}
_Ty *_Getptr() const
{ // get pointer
return ((_Ty *)&_Storage);
}
private:
virtual void _Destroy() _NOEXCEPT
{ // destroy managed resource
_Getptr()->~_Ty();
}
virtual void _Delete_this() _NOEXCEPT
{ // destroy self
delete this;
}
typename aligned_union<, _Ty>::type _Storage;
};
auto p = std::make_shared<Fuck>(nullptr);
C++ NULL与nullptr的区别的更多相关文章
- (转)null和NULL和nullptr和””区别
突然想到这个有趣的问题:C语言和C++对大小写是敏感的,也就是说null和NULL是区别对待的.NULL代表空地址,null只是一个符号.便来深究,看了很多资料,总结如下: 其实null和NULL都是 ...
- NULL和nullptr的区别
//error C2665: “go”: 2 个重载中没有一个可以转换所有参数类型 #include <iostream> void go(int num) { std::cout < ...
- 【转载】C/C++杂记:NULL与0的区别、nullptr的来历
原文:C/C++杂记:NULL与0的区别.nullptr的来历 某些时候,我们需要将指针赋值为空指针,以防止野指针. 有人喜欢使用NULL作为空指针常量使用,例如:int* p = NULL;. ...
- 再谈NULL和nullptr(C++11)区别
在谈NULL和nullptr区别之前,我们先看段代码: #include "stdafx.h" #include <iostream> using namespace ...
- 字符串怎么换行 || 字符串中使用单引号时应该怎么写 || 保留两位小数 || 数字0在if中的意思是false || 什么情况下会会报undefined || null和undefined的区别 ||
换行的字符串 "This string\nhas two lines" 字符串中使用单引号时应该怎么写 'You\'re right, it can\'t be a quote' ...
- MySQL 中NULL和空值的区别
平时我们在使用MySQL的时候,对于MySQL中的NULL值和空值区别不能很好的理解.注意到NULL值是未知的,且占用空间,不走索引,DBA建议建表的时候最好设置字段是NOT NULL 来避免这种低效 ...
- tips null和undefined的区别
tips null和undefined的区别 1.undefined类型 undefined类型只有一个值,即特殊的undefined.在使用var声明变量但未对其加以初始化时,这个变量的值就是und ...
- Convert和Parse对null值处理的区别
类型的转换在日常的变成中是经常被用到的,我们最常用的类型转换的方法就是Convert和Parse, 下面来说一下这两者null值处理的区别. int i1 = Convert.ToInt32(null ...
- [BS-22] Objective-C中nil、Nil、NULL、NSNull的区别
Objective-C中nil.Nil.NULL.NSNull的区别 1.定义: nil: OC语言定义:#define nil __DARWIN_NULL / #define __D ...
随机推荐
- vue父子组件路由传参的方式
一.get方式(url传参): 1.动态路由传参: 父组件: selectItem (item) { this.$router.push({ path: `/recommend/${item.id}` ...
- RVO算法
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6ad33d350102xqal.html 简介 在介绍VO,RVO之前,需要先介绍路径规划. 对Agent进行路径规划,实际上要完成的任 ...
- 洛谷P1868 饥饿的奶牛
P1868 饥饿的奶牛 题目描述 有一条奶牛冲出了围栏,来到了一处圣地(对于奶牛来说),上面用牛语写着一段文字. 现用汉语翻译为: 有N个区间,每个区间x,y表示提供的x~y共y-x+1堆优质牧草.你 ...
- SAP屏幕字段常用代码集合
SAP屏幕字段常用代码集合 ().Screen 设计 TABLES: SSCRFIELDS. PARAMETERS: P_EBLEN LIKE VBRK-EBLEN DEFAULT ' '. PARA ...
- MyEclipse 2016CI破解版for Mac
网上的教程很多,一开始怎么都不行,就是不行,也是如此操作,可能是注册机失效了还是怎样,数个小时过去了,我综合了网上的资源,终于OK啦!(我会在文后给出jar 包,注册机的破解文件,以及MyEclips ...
- 解决import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder; import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;报错的问题
在项目中用到这两个Jar包,但是程序报错. Access restriction: The type BASE64Decoder is not accessible due to restrictio ...
- Codeforces 126B(kmp)
要点 头尾的最长相同只要一个kmp即可得,于是处理中间部分 扫一遍记录一下前缀的每个位置是否存在一个中间串跟它相同,见代码 如果当前没有,接着用Next数组去一找即可 #include <cst ...
- NET Core:部署项目到Ubuntu Server
NET Core:部署项目到Ubuntu Server 概述 基于上一篇成功安装Ubuntu Server 16.10的基础上,接下来继续我们ASP.NET Core项目的部署之旅! 只是对于这些年整 ...
- B. Batch Sort
http://codeforces.com/contest/724/problem/B 被坑了,一开始以为如果有一行已经是排好序了,然后有一行需要转换的次数 >= 2的话,那就直接no了. 因为 ...
- 第十五章 提升用户体验 之 设计实现MVC controllers 和 actions
1. 概述 controllers 和 actions 是 ASP.NET MVC4中非常重要的组成部分. controller管理用户和程序间的交互,使用action作为完成任务的方式. 如果是包含 ...