使用裸设备配置Oracle ASM实例一例

1.查看当前磁盘

[root@std u01]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *                       +    Linux
/dev/sda2                              Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdb:  MB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Disk /dev/sdc:  MB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Disk /dev/sdd:  MB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Disk /dev/sde:  MB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

从上面的输出可以看出我们有四快盘且都没有分区：
/dev/sdb
/dev/sdc
/dev/sdd
/dev/sde

2.对磁盘进行分区

[root@std u01]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (-)
p
Partition number (-):
First cylinder (-, default ):
Using default value
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (-, default ):
Using default value 

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

对其他磁盘执行同样的分区操作！

[root@std u01]# ll /dev/sd*
brw-r-----  root disk ,   Jan  : /dev/sda
brw-r-----  root disk ,   Jan  : /dev/sda1
brw-r-----  root disk ,   Jan  : /dev/sda2
brw-r-----  root disk ,  Jan  : /dev/sdb
brw-r-----  root disk ,  Jan  : /dev/sdb1
brw-r-----  root disk ,  Jan  : /dev/sdc
brw-r-----  root disk ,  Jan  : /dev/sdc1
brw-r-----  root disk ,  Jan  : /dev/sdd
brw-r-----  root disk ,  Jan  : /dev/sdd1
brw-r-----  root disk ,  Jan  : /dev/sde
brw-r-----  root disk ,  Jan  : /dev/sde1

3.绑定裸设备

[root@std u01]# vi /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
[root@std u01]# cat /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
# raw device bindings
# format:  <rawdev> <major> <minor>
#          <rawdev> <blockdev>
# example: /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sda1
#          /dev/raw/raw2
/dev/raw/raw1  /dev/sdb1
/dev/raw/raw2  /dev/sdc1
/dev/raw/raw3  /dev/sdd1
/dev/raw/raw4  /dev/sde1
[root@std u01]# service rawdevices restart
Assigning devices:
           /dev/raw/raw1  -->   /dev/sdb1
/dev/raw/raw1:  bound to major , minor
           /dev/raw/raw2  -->   /dev/sdc1
/dev/raw/raw2:  bound to major , minor
           /dev/raw/raw3  -->   /dev/sdd1
/dev/raw/raw3:  bound to major , minor
           /dev/raw/raw4  -->   /dev/sde1
/dev/raw/raw4:  bound to major , minor
done
[root@std u01]# raw -qa
/dev/raw/raw1:  bound to major , minor
/dev/raw/raw2:  bound to major , minor
/dev/raw/raw3:  bound to major , minor
/dev/raw/raw4:  bound to major , minor 

3.更改裸设备的权限

[root@std u01]# cd /dev/raw
[root@std raw]# ll
total
crw-------  root root ,  Jan  : raw1
crw-------  root root ,  Jan  : raw2
crw-------  root root ,  Jan  : raw3
crw-------  root root ,  Jan  : raw4
[root@std raw]# chown oracle:dba raw*
[root@std raw]# ll
total
crw-------  oracle dba ,  Jan  : raw1
crw-------  oracle dba ,  Jan  : raw2
crw-------  oracle dba ,  Jan  : raw3
crw-------  oracle dba ,  Jan  : raw4

为方便我们把"chown oracle:dba raw*"写入/etc/rc.local

[root@std raw]# cat /etc/rc.local |grep chown
chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw[-]
[root@std raw]# 

4.安装配置ASM驱动

[root@std u01]# uname -ra
Linux std 2.6.-.el5 # SMP Tue Mar  :: EDT  i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
[root@std u01]# ll oracleasm*
-rw-r--r--  root root  Jul    oracleasm-2.6.-.el5-2.0.-.el5.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r--  root root  Jul    oracleasm-2.6.-.el5debug-2.0.-.el5.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r--  root root    Jul    oracleasm-2.6.-.el5-debuginfo-2.0.-.el5.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r--  root root  Jul    oracleasm-2.6.-.el5PAE-2.0.-.el5.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r--  root root  Jul    oracleasm-2.6.-.el5xen-2.0.-.el5.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r--  root root   Jul    oracleasmlib-2.0.-.el5.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r--  root root   Jul    oracleasm-support-2.1.-.el5.i386.rpm

[root@std u01]# rpm -ivh oracleasm*    --这些包之前我们以安装过
warning: oracleasm-2.6.-.el5-2.0.-.el5.i686.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159
Preparing...                ########################################### [%]
        package oracleasm-support-2.1.-.el5.i386 is already installed
        package oracleasm-2.6.-.el5xen-2.0.-.el5.i686 is already installed
        package oracleasm-2.6.-.el5-2.0.-.el5.i686 is already installed
        package oracleasm-2.6.-.el5debug-2.0.-.el5.i686 is already installed
        package oracleasm-2.6.-.el5-debuginfo-2.0.-.el5.i686 is already installed
        package oracleasm-2.6.-.el5PAE-2.0.-.el5.i686 is already installed
        package oracleasmlib-2.0.-.el5.i386 is already installed

配置验证ASM驱动:

[root@std u01]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.
This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values
will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting <ENTER> without typing an
answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.
Default user to own the driver interface [ ]:oracle
Default group to own the driver interface [ ]:oinstall
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [y]:
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]:
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver:                    [ OK ]
Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks:              [ OK ]

[root@std u01]# lsmod |grep asm
oracleasm                 

5.初始化ASM参数

[root@std u01]# su - oracle
[oracle@std ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@std dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/+ASM/{b,c,u}dump
[oracle@std dbs]$ touch init+ASM.ora
[oracle@std dbs]$ vi init+ASM.ora
[oracle@std dbs]$ cat init+ASM.ora
*.asm_diskstring='/dev/raw/raw*'
*.instance_type='asm'
*.large_pool_size=24M
*.remote_login_passwordfile='SHARED'
*.background_dump_dest='/u02/app/admin/+ASM/bdump'
*.core_dump_dest='/u02/app/admin/+ASM/cdump'
*.user_dump_dest='/u02/app/admin/+ASM/bdump'
[oracle@std dbs]$ 

6.为ASM实例创建密码文件

[oracle@std dbs]$ orapwd file=orapw+ASM password=oracle1
[oracle@std dbs]$ 

7.以root身份启动CSS进程

[oracle@std ~]# /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/bin/localconfig add
/etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now.
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
Configuration for local CSS has been initialized
Adding to inittab
Startup will be queued to init within  seconds.
Checking the status of new Oracle init process...
Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within  seconds.
CSS is active on these nodes.
localhost
CSS is active on all nodes.
Oracle CSS service is installed and running under init(1M)

验证CSS进程是否启动；

[oracle@std dbs]$ crsctl check css
CSS appears healthy
[oracle@std dbs]$ crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
Cannot communicate with CRS
Cannot communicate with EVM 

8.启动ASM实例

[oracle@std dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
[oracle@std dbs]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4. - Production on Fri Jan  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
ASM instance started

Total System Global Area    bytes
Fixed Size                   bytes
Variable Size               bytes
ASM Cache                   bytes
ORA-: no diskgroups mounted

可以看到我们的ASM实例已经正常启动，最后报出ORA-15110错误说明没有挂载任何磁盘组，
因为此时我们还没有创建任何磁盘组，所以忽略这个错误。

9.创建spfile

使用spfile以后，在节下来的我们创建磁盘组时，ASM_DISKGROUPS这个参数会被自动更新。
而如果使用pfile,这个参数值不会自动更新。

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

SQL> shutdown abort
ASM instance shutdown
SQL> startup
ASM instance started

Total System Global Area    bytes
Fixed Size                   bytes
Variable Size               bytes
ASM Cache                   bytes
ORA-: no diskgroups mounted

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/d
                                                 bs/spfile+ASM.ora

10.查看磁盘及创建磁盘组

--查看磁盘asm_diskstring参数指定的磁盘

SQL> select path from v$asm_disk;

PATH
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/dev/raw/raw4
/dev/raw/raw3
/dev/raw/raw2
/dev/raw/raw1

--创建磁盘组

CREATE DISKGROUP diskgroup_name
[ { HIGH | NORMAL | EXTERNAL } REDUNDANCY ]
[ FAILGROUP failgroup_name ]
DISK [ NAME disk_name ] [ SIZE size_clause ] [ FORCE | NOFORCE ] ...;

注意:冗余度有三个选择：HIGH(高度冗余>三路)、NORMAL(标准冗余--双路)和EXTERNAL(外部存储冗余)

SQL> create diskgroup DATA external redundancy
    disk '/dev/raw/raw1','/dev/raw/raw2';

Diskgroup created.

SQL> create diskgroup FLA external redundancy
    disk '/dev/raw/raw3','/dev/raw/raw4';

Diskgroup created.

SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER,NAME,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB from v$asm_diskgroup;

GROUP_NUMBER NAME                             TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB
------------ ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
            DATA
            FLA                                         

11.把ASM实例注册到监听中

创建好ASM实例后，一般会系统会把ASM实例自动注册到监听中，如果没有自动注册，可以手动注册。

[oracle@std bdump]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
[oracle@std bdump]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4. - Production on Fri Jan  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4. - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> alter system register;

System altered.

[oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4. - Production on -JAN- ::

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4. - Production
Start Date                -JAN- ::
Uptime                     days  hr.  min.  sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Log File         /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=std)(PORT=)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has  instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM", status BLOCKED, has  handler(s) for this service...
Service "+ASM_XPT" has  instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM", status BLOCKED, has  handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

12.远程访问ASM实例

要想从远程访问ASM实例,TNS配置需加上UR属性

asm=
 (DESCRIPTION=
  (ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.172)(PORT=))
  (CONNECT_DATA=
     (SERVICE_NAME=+ASM)
     (UR=A)))

C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus sys/oracle1@asm as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1. - Production on 星期五 1月  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

连接到:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4. - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select group_number,name from v$asm_diskgroup;

GROUP_NUMBER NAME
------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
            DATA
            FLA