Docker 学习2 Docker基础用法

一、docker架构

　　

　　无论是C端还是S端都由docker一个程序提供，这个程序有很多子程序，其中有一个子程序的子命令叫daemon，表示运行为守护进程，因此我们运行docker daemon就表示把这台主机变为守护进程服务器，它可以监听在所谓的套接字之上，为了安全起见默认只提供本机的unix socket 文件套接字，

　　1、client端

　　2、server端，docker daemo守护进程，监听在套接字之上。docker支持三种类型套接字。

　　　　a、ip v4套接字：即IPv4 + 端口套接字

　　　　b、ip v6套接字 ：即IPv6 + 端口套接字

　　　　c、unix socket file :监听在本地的文件上，此种方式只允许客户端为本地。

　　3、docker 版本

　　　　docker ee :docker 企业版

　　　　docker ce :docker 社区版

二、docker 镜像仓库

　　1、作用

　　　　a、提供镜像存储的仓库

　　　　b、提供用户获取镜像时的认证

　　　　c、提供当前服务器上所有可用镜像的索引

　　2、一个镜像仓库一般只用做一种应用

三、Docker 安装和使用

　　1、不建议centos yum源里面的docker源

　　2、docker 稳定版清华源

　　　　https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/repodata/

　　3、安装步骤

　　　　a、首先下载清华源docker repo文件：

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
---- ::--  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Resolving mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)... 101.6.8.193, :f000:::::
Connecting to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)|101.6.8.193|:... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response...  OK
Length:  (.4K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘docker-ce.repo’

%[==================================================================================================================================>] ,       --.-K/s   in 0s      

-- :: ( MB/s) - ‘docker-ce.repo’ saved [/]

　　　　b、修改文件中链接为清华源仓库

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's@https://download.docker.com@https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce@g' docker-ce.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# more docker-ce.repo
[docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/stable
enabled=
gpgcheck=
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/stable
enabled=
gpgcheck=
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
...

　　　　c、yum install -y docker-ce即可完成安装

　　　　d、制作镜像加速

　　　　　　增加docker配置文件并且配置加速链接。（列表中配置了cn加速连接，还可以配置阿里云加速等连接）

[root@localhost docker]# cat >> /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
> {
>  "registry-mirrors": ["https://guxaj7v7.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
> }
> EOF

　　　　e、启动docker 即可

[root@localhost log]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost log]# docker version
Client:
 Version:           18.09.
 API version:       1.39
 Go version:        go1.10.8
 Git commit:        774a1f4
 Built:             Thu Feb  ::
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          18.09.
  API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.10.8
  Git commit:       774a1f4
  Built:            Thu Feb  ::
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false

　　　　f、要查看更详细的环境信息使用docker info即可

[root@localhost log]# docker info
Containers:
 Running:
 Paused:
 Stopped:
Images:
Server Version: 18.09.
Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: xfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: e6b3f5632f50dbc4e9cb6288d911bf4f5e95b18e
runc version: 6635b4f0c6af3810594d2770f662f34ddc15b40d
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
 seccomp
  Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.-.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux  (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs:
Total Memory: .781GiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: Z7YJ:IMB4:5GCY:LZRC:33ER:7Y4A:VYN5:RZUK:VGRG:JULJ:Y5CM:HOLP
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/
Registry Mirrors:
 https://registry.docker-cn.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine

WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled

四、docker 常用操作

　　1、查找镜像：docker search，搜索docker 镜像 （没有 / 的为顶级仓库一般为docker官方的，有 / 的为用户仓库）

[root@localhost log]# docker search nginx
NAME                                                   DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
nginx                                                  Official build of Nginx.                                       [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy                                    Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…                                       [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm                                Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…                                        [OK]
jrcs/letsencrypt-nginx-proxy-companion                 LetsEncrypt container to use with nginx as p…                                        [OK]
webdevops/php-nginx                                    Nginx with PHP-FPM                                                                   [OK]
kitematic/hello-world-nginx                            A light-weight nginx container that demonstr…
zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql                          Zabbix frontend based on Nginx web-server wi…                                         [OK]
bitnami/nginx                                          Bitnami nginx Docker Image                                                            [OK]
linuxserver/nginx                                      An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…
1and1internet/ubuntu--nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-   ubuntu--nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-                                                [OK]
tobi312/rpi-nginx                                      NGINX on Raspberry Pi / armhf                                                         [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress                                    NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes
nginxdemos/hello                                       NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co…                                         [OK]
wodby/drupal-nginx                                     Nginx for Drupal container image                                                      [OK]
blacklabelops/nginx                                    Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server.                                                [OK]
schmunk42/nginx-redirect                               A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra…                                         [OK]
centos/nginx--centos7                                Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n…
centos/nginx--centos7                               Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building …
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged                            Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles
1science/nginx                                         Nginx Docker images that include Consul Temp…                                          [OK]
mailu/nginx                                            Mailu nginx frontend                                                                   [OK]
travix/nginx                                           NGinx reverse proxy                                                                    [OK]
toccoag/openshift-nginx                                Nginx reverse proxy for Nice running on same…                                          [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb                        An APB to deploy NGINX                                                                 [OK]
wodby/nginx   

　　2、查看镜像docker images，docker镜像有最基础的alpine版本。并且busybox是一个很有意思的程序，它被链接成什么命令就可以被当做什么命令使用。

　　　　

　　3、显示完整的镜像信息 docker images --no-trunc

[root@localhost log]# docker images --no-trunc
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID                                                                  CREATED             SIZE
busybox             latest              sha256:d8233ab899d419c58cf3634c0df54ff5d8acc28f8173f09c21df4a07229e1205    weeks ago         .2MB
nginx               1.14-alpine         sha256:66952fd0a8efa0598626fad89d3a0827bc24fc92c3adb576adbc9fd58606e1af    weeks ago         16MB
centos                                 sha256:721823ac0277f52bcfd4933832d47ef0d5612191e92aef558291d5b3c15ceb35    months ago        284MB