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Intersection of Two Linked Lists

Write a program to find the node at which the intersection of two singly linked lists begins.

For example, the following two linked lists:

A:          a1 → a2
                   ↘
                     c1 → c2 → c3
                   ↗
B:     b1 → b2 → b3

begin to intersect at node c1.

思路:

(1)这道算法题是一道较老的题目。记得在数据结构书的习题中出现过。题目不难,但有几个点需要注意。

(2)需要注意:A:链表为空的判断;B:链表是否带有环的判断;C:两链表长度之差处的起始点的寻找。

(3)首先,对链表为空的判断,为空则返回null;

(4)其次,需设置两个临时变量A和B分别指向两链表的起始位置,分别遍历两链表并求得其长度,如果遍历完成A和B指向的不

是同一节点,则说明链表带有环,返回null;

(5)再次,比较两链表的大小,将较大的链表从其起始位置向后移动到两链表长度之差的位置,这样,两链表就出于同一起始位

置了;

(5)最后,判断起始位置对应节点是否相同,不相同则两节点分别后移,最后返回A或B即为结果。

算法代码实现如下所示(PS:题目要求时间复杂度为O(n),空间复杂度为O(1),大家有更好的算法希望能分享,谢谢):

public ListNode getIntersectionNode(ListNode headA, ListNode headB) {
	int lenA = 0;
	int lenB = 0;
	ListNode A = headA;
	ListNode B = headB;

	if (A == null || B == null)
		return null;

	while (A.next != null) {
		lenA++;
		A = A.next;

	}

	while (B.next != null) {
		lenB++;
		B = B.next;
	}

	// 如果有环状的,终点会不一样,返回null
	if (A != B)  return null;

	A = headA;
	B = headB;
	// 找到相差的个数,并移动到相同的地方开始比较
	if (lenA > lenB) {
		for (int i = 0; i < lenA - lenB; i++) {
			A = A.next;
		}
	} else {
		for (int i = 0; i < lenB - lenA; i++) {
			B = B.next;
		}
	}

	// 如果不相等则比较其后续是否相等
	while (A != B) {
		A = A.next;
		B = B.next;
	}
	return A;
}

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