Day057--django

1. http协议
    请求的格式(request ---浏览器向服务器发送的消息)
        请求方式: URL HTTP/1.1\r\n
        K1:V1\r\n
        K2:V2\r\n
　　　　 \r\n
        请求正文/请求体(get请求没有请求数据)

    响应的格式(response  ---服务端回复给浏览器的消息)

　　　　　HTTP/1.1 200 OK  # response headers 响应头

        HTTP/1.1 状态码 状态描述\r\n

        K1:V1\r\n
        K2:V2\r\n
　　　　  \r\n
        响应数据(响应体)  -HTML

　　 状态码:
　　　　1XX 
　　　　2XX 200
　　　　3XX 301 302　　重定向
　　　　4xx 请求的问题
　　　　5xx 服务器的问题

　　url
　　　　http://www.cnblogs.com/majj?k1=v1&k2=v2

    8种请求方式:
    GET
    POST
    HEAD
    PUT
    DELETE
    TRACE
    OPTIONS
    CONNECT

发请求到接收响应的流程:
        . 在浏览器的地址栏中输入url,回车. 发送一个遵循HTTP协议的GET请求.
        . 服务器接收到请求,获取到路径.根据路径执行对应的函数,获取想要的内容.
        . 读取到一个HTML的文本,替换文本中的内容,生成一个新的HTML文本.
        . 回复一个遵循HTTP协议的响应.
        . 浏览器接收到响应,拿响应中的响应体,进行渲染.

import socket

# 创建socket对象
sk = socket.socket()

# 绑定IP和端口
sk.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8000))

# 监听
sk.listen()

while True:
    # 等待连接
    conn, addr = sk.accept()
    # 接收数据
    data = conn.recv(8096)
    print(data)

    # 返回状态行
    conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')
    # 返回数据
    conn.send(b'<h1>ok</h1>')

    # 关闭连接
    conn.close()

socket服务端

浏览器端 输入地址 127.0.0.1:8000 

2. web 框架(socket服务端)
    功能:
    a. socket 收发消息
    b. 根据不同的路径返回不同的内容
    c. 可以返回动态页面(字符串替换 -模板的渲染)   jinja2

    分类:
        Django      实现b,c功能
        flask       实现b功能
        tornado     实现a,b,c功能

    另类分类:
        Django      大,重量级
        其他      轻量级

import socket

# 创建socket对象
server = socket.socket()
# 绑定IP和端口
server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8000))
# 监听
server.listen()

while 1:
    # 等待连接
    conn, addr = server.accept()
    # 接收数据
    data = conn.recv(1024)
    data = data.decode('utf-8')
    # print(data)
    url = data.split()[1]
    print(url)

    # 返回状态行
    conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')

    if url == '/oumei':
        conn.send(b'<h1>oumei</h1>')
    elif url == '/rihan':
        conn.send(b'<h1>rihan</h1>')
    else:
        conn.send(b'<h1>404 not found</h1>')

    # 关闭连接
    conn.close()

根据不同路径返回不同内容

import socket

server = socket.socket()
server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8000))
server.listen()

def oumei(url):
    ret = 'oumei  -{}'.format(url)

    return ret.encode('utf-8')

def rihan(url):
    ret = 'rihan  -{}'.format(url)

    return  ret.encode('utf-8')

while 1:
    conn, addr = server.accept()
    data = conn.recv(1024)
    data = data.decode('utf-8')
    url = data.split()[1]
    print(url)

    conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')

    if url == '/oumei':
        ret = oumei(url)
    elif url == '/rihan':
        ret = rihan(url)
    else:
        ret = b'404 not found'

    conn.send(ret)

    conn.close()

函数版

import socket

server = socket.socket()
server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8000))
server.listen()

def oumei(url):
    ret = 'oumei -{}'.format(url)
    return ret.encode('utf-8')

def rihan(url):
    ret = 'rihan////   -  {}'.format(url)
    return ret.encode('utf-8')

def guochan(url):
    ret = 'guochan   -  {}'.format(url)
    return ret.encode('utf-8')

list = [
    ('/oumei', oumei),
    ('/rihan', rihan),
    ('/guochan', guochan)
]

while 1:
    conn, addr = server.accept()
    data = conn.recv(1024)
    data = data.decode('utf-8')
    url = data.split()[1]
    print(url)

    conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')
    func = None
    for el in list:
        if el[0] == url:
            func = el[1]
            break

    if func:
        ret = func(url)
    else:
        ret = b'404 not found'

    conn.send(ret)
    conn.close()

函数进阶版

import socket

server = socket.socket()

server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8000))

server.listen()

def oumei(url):
    ret = 'oumei   -  {}'.format(url)
    return ret.encode('utf-8')

def rihan(url):
    ret = 'rihan////   -  {}'.format(url)
    return ret.encode('utf-8')

def guochan(url):
    ret = 'guochan   -  {}'.format(url)
    return ret.encode('utf-8')

def index(url):
    with open('index.html', 'rb') as f:
        ret = f.read()
        return ret

list = [
    ('/oumei', oumei),
    ('/rihan', rihan),
    ('/guochan', guochan),
    ('/index', index),
]

while True:
    # 等待连接
    conn, addr = server.accept()
    # 接收数据
    data = conn.recv(8096)
    data = data.decode('utf-8')
    url = data.split()[1]
    print(url)

    # 返回状态行
    conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')
    func = None
    for i in list:
        if i[0] == url:
            func = i[1]
            break

    if func:
        ret = func(url)
    else:
        ret = b'404 not found'

    conn.send(ret)

    # 关闭连接
    conn.close()

返回HTML页面01

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        div{
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            line-height: 200px;
            text-align: center;
            background-color: greenyellow;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div><b>这里是index</b></div>
</body>
</html>

返回HTML页面02

import time
import socket

server = socket.socket()
server.bind(('0.0.0.0', 8000))

server.listen()

def oumei(url):
    ret = 'oumei   -  {}'.format(url)
    return ret.encode('utf-8')

def rihan(url):
    ret = 'rihan////   -  {}'.format(url)
    return ret.encode('utf-8')

def guochan(url):
    ret = 'guochan   -  {}'.format(url)
    return ret.encode('utf-8')

def index(url):
    with open('index.html', 'rb') as f:
        ret = f.read()
        return ret

def timer(url):
    now = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
    with open('time.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        data = f.read()
        data = data.replace('@@time@@', now)

        return data.encode('utf-8')

lst = [
    ('/oumei', oumei),
    ('/rihan', rihan),
    ('/guochan', guochan),
    ('/index', index),
    ('/time', timer),
]

while 1:
    conn,addr = server.accept()
    data = conn.recv(1024)
    data = data.decode('utf-8')
    url = data.split()[1]
    print(url)

    conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')
    func = None
    for i in lst:
        if i[0] == url:
            func = i[1]
            break

    if func:
        ret = func(url)
    else:
        ret = b'404 not found'

    conn.send(ret)

    # 关闭连接
    conn.close()

返回动态页面01

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>当前时间是: @@time@@ </h1>
</body>
</html>

返回动态页面02

"""
根据URL中不同的路径返回不同的内容--函数进阶版
返回HTML页面
让网页动态起来
wsgiref模块版
"""

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

# 将返回不同的内容部分封装成函数
def index(url):
    # 读取index.html页面的内容
    with open("index.html", "r", encoding="utf8") as f:
        s = f.read()
        # 返回字节数据
    return bytes(s, encoding="utf8")

def home(url):
    with open("home.html", "r", encoding="utf8") as f:
        s = f.read()
    return bytes(s, encoding="utf8")

def timer(url):
    import time
    with open("time.html", "r", encoding="utf8") as f:
        s = f.read()
        s = s.replace('@@time@@', time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
    return bytes(s, encoding="utf8")

# 定义一个url和实际要执行的函数的对应关系
list1 = [
    ("/index/", index),
    ("/home/", home),
    ("/time/", timer),
]

def run_server(environ, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf8'), ])  # 设置HTTP响应的状态码和头信息
    url = environ['PATH_INFO']  # 取到用户输入的url
    func = None
    for i in list1:
        if i[0] == url:
            func = i[1]
            break
    if func:
        response = func(url)
    else:
        response = b"404 not found!"
    return [response, ]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    httpd = make_server('127.0.0.1', 8090, run_server)
    print("我在8090等你哦...")
    httpd.serve_forever()

wsgi

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
from jinja2 import Template

def index(url):
    # 读取HTML文件内容
    with open("index2.html", "r", encoding="utf8") as f:
        data = f.read()
        template = Template(data)  # 生成模板文件
        ret = template.render({'name': 'wusir', 'hobby_list': ['马杀鸡', '喝酒', '烫头', '蹦迪']})  # 把数据填充到模板中
    return bytes(ret, encoding="utf8")

def home(url):
    with open("home.html", "r", encoding="utf8") as f:
        s = f.read()
    return bytes(s, encoding="utf8")

# 定义一个url和实际要执行的函数的对应关系
list1 = [
    ("/index/", index),
    ("/home/", home),
]

def run_server(environ, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf8'), ])  # 设置HTTP响应的状态码和头信息
    url = environ['PATH_INFO']  # 取到用户输入的url
    func = None
    for i in list1:
        if i[0] == url:
            func = i[1]
            break
    if func:
        response = func(url)
    else:
        response = b"404 not found!"
    return [response, ]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    httpd = make_server('127.0.0.1', 8090, run_server)
    print("我在8090等你哦...")
    httpd.serve_forever()

jinja2

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>姓名：{{name}}   </h1>
    <h1>爱好：</h1>
    <ul>
        {% for hobby in hobby_list %}
        <li>{{hobby}}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

html2

3. Django
    1. 下载
        1. 命令行
            pip install django==1.11.16
            按住shift 右击文件夹

        2. 创建项目
　　　　　　django-admin startproject 项目名

        3. 启动项目
            cd 切换到项目目录下  manage.py
            pyhton .\manage.py runserver

            # 默认端口号127.0.0.1:8000
            pyhton .\manage.py runserver 80  把端口号改成80
            pyhton .\manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:80  把IP改成0.0.0.0,端口号改成80

    2. pycharm 启动项目

4. 配置:
    TEMPLATES
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates']   #  HTML文件要存放的地方

    DATABASES   数据库, 可以配多个数据库

    静态文件的配置
    STATIC_URL = '/static/' # 别名
　　
　　# 自己配置, 列表里写静态文件的路径, 可以配置多个路径
    STATICFILES_DIRS = [
        os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
        ] 
什么是静态文件? 

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)  等不常发生变化的文件