使用sysbench进行压力测试

sysbench是一款开源的多线程性能测试工具，可以执行CPU/内存/线程/IO/数据库等方面的性能测试。数据库目前支持MySQL/Oracle/PostgreSQL/Drizzle，它主要包括以下几种方式的测试：

• cpu性能
• 磁盘io性能
• 调度程序性能
• 内存分配及传输速度
• POSIX线程性能
• 数据库性能(OLTP基准测试)

机器配置

[root@localhost ~]# grep -iE 'MemTotal|MemFree' /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        8058060 kB
MemFree:         2213240 kB
[root@localhost ~]# grep "processor" /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l
4
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost 2.6.32-431.11.2.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Mar 25 19:59:55 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)

一、安装

官方地址：https://github.com/akopytov/sysbench

下载方法：git clone https://github.com/akopytov/sysbench.git

安装

./autogen.sh
./configure
make && make install

以上命令的编译SysBench默认需要Mysql库的支持，如果你机器已安装Mysql但没有指定位置（在PATH下找不到mysql_config），你必须在./configure得时候指定–with-mysql-includes和–with-mysql-libs

也可以使用–without-mysql命令，取消Mysql的支持

command命令的简单描述及作用

prepare:为测试执行准备工作，例如为fileis测试在磁盘上创建必要的文件，为OLTP测试准备测试数据
run: 执行完整的测试，必须指定–-test选项
cleanup: 在测试运行结束移除prepare准备的临时数据
help:显示不同测试（根据–-test选项）的帮助信息，你也可以使用sysbench help命令（而不用–-test）去显示帮助信息

一些参数的解释

--num-threads  #创建测试线程的数目
--max-requests  #请求的最大数目，0表示不限制
--max-time  #最大执行时间，单位秒，0表示不限制
--thread-stack-size  #每个线程的堆栈大小	32K
--init-rng  #在测试开始之前指定是否需要初始化随机数发生器	off
--report-interval  #隔多久打印一次统计信息，注意的是统计信息统计的是间隔时间而不是累计时间的数据。单位秒，0表示关闭该功能
--test  #指定测试项目名称	Required
--debug  #是否显示更多的调试信息	off
--validate  #在可能的情况下是否进行验证检查	off
--help  #帮助信息	off
--verbosity #详细级别，0-严重信息，5-调试信息
--percentile #表示设定采样比例，默认是 95%，即丢弃1%的长请求，在剩余的99%里取最大值

二、CPU的基准测试

CPU测试使用64位整数，测试计算质数直到某个最大值所需要的时间，cpu测试主要是进行素数的加法运算，在上面的例子中，指定了最大的素数为 20000，自己可以根据机器cpu的性能来适当调整数值，主要看total time所花费的时间

[root@localhost sysbench]# sysbench --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=10000 run
sysbench 0.5:  multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Random number generator seed is 0 and will be ignored

Primer numbers limit: 10000

Threads started!

General statistics:
    total time:                          14.5690s
    total number of events:              10000
    total time taken by event execution: 14.5616s
    response time:
         min:                                  1.40ms
         avg:                                  1.46ms
         max:                                 10.59ms
         approx.  95 percentile:               1.52ms

Threads fairness:
    events (avg/stddev):           10000.0000/0.00
    execution time (avg/stddev):   14.5616/0.00

相关选项

sysbench –test=cpu help
--cpu-max-prime=N 最大质数发生器数量。默认是10000

三、线程基准测试

thread-locks小于线程数除以2，lock越少，处理时间越长

[root@localhost sysbench]# sysbench  --test=threads --num-threads=800 --thread-yields=100 --thread-locks=10 run
sysbench 0.5:  multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 800
Random number generator seed is 0 and will be ignored

Threads started!

General statistics:
    total time:                          0.4644s
    total number of events:              10000
    total time taken by event execution: 350.9839s
    response time:
         min:                                  0.04ms
         avg:                                 35.10ms
         max:                                456.96ms
         approx.  95 percentile:             144.17ms

Threads fairness:
    events (avg/stddev):           12.5000/6.45
    execution time (avg/stddev):   0.4387/0.01

相关参数

sysbench --test=threads help
sysbench 0.5:  multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

threads options:
  --thread-yields=N   每个请求产生多少个线程。默认是1000
  --thread-locks=N    每个线程的锁的数量。默认是8

四、文件IO基准测试

磁盘IO性能测试[主要看每秒请求数(request)和总体的吞吐量(total)

[root@localhost sysbench]# sysbench --test=fileio --num-threads=16 --file-total-size=2G --file-test-mode=rndrw prepare
sysbench 0.5:  multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

128 files, 16384Kb each, 2048Mb total
Creating files for the test...
Extra file open flags: 0
Creating file test_file.0
Creating file test_file.1
……
Creating file test_file.127
2147483648 bytes written in 67.56 seconds (30.32 MB/sec).
[root@localhost sysbench]# sysbench --test=fileio --num-threads=20 --file-total-size=2G --file-test-mode=rndrw run
sysbench 0.5:  multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 20
Random number generator seed is 0 and will be ignored

Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Number of IO requests: 10000
Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing random r/w test
Threads started!

Operations performed:  5999 reads, 4001 writes, 12800 Other = 22800 Total
Read 93.734Mb  Written 62.516Mb  Total transferred 156.25Mb  (19.3Mb/sec)
 1235.21 Requests/sec executed

General statistics:
    total time:                          8.0958s
    total number of events:              10000
    total time taken by event execution: 1.4557s
    response time:
         min:                                  0.00ms
         avg:                                  0.15ms
         max:                               1319.03ms
         approx.  95 percentile:               0.02ms

Threads fairness:
    events (avg/stddev):           500.0000/186.14
    execution time (avg/stddev):   0.0728/0.29

相关参数

sysbench  --test=fileio help
sysbench 0.5:  multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

fileio options:
  --file-num=N              创建测试文件的数量。默认是128
  --file-block-size=N       测试时文件块的大小。默认是16384(16K)
  --file-total-size=SIZE    测试文件的总大小。默认是2G
  --file-test-mode=STRING   文件测试模式{seqwr(顺序写), seqrewr(顺序读写), seqrd(顺序读), rndrd(随机读), rndwr(随机写), rndrw(随机读写)}
  --file-io-mode=STRING     文件操作模式{sync(同步),async(异步),fastmmap(快速map映射),slowmmap(慢map映射)}。默认是sync
  --file-extra-flags=STRING 使用额外的标志来打开文件{sync,dsync,direct} 。默认为空
  --file-fsync-freq=N       执行fsync()的频率。(0 – 不使用fsync())。默认是100
  --file-fsync-all=[on|off] 每执行完一次写操作就执行一次fsync。默认是off
  --file-fsync-end=[on|off] 在测试结束时才执行fsync。默认是on
  --file-fsync-mode=STRING  使用哪种方法进行同步{fsync, fdatasync}。默认是fsync
  --file-merged-requests=N  如果可以，合并最多的IO请求数(0 – 表示不合并)。默认是0
  --file-rw-ratio=N         测试时的读写比例。默认是1.5

五、内存基准测试

测试了内存的连续读写性能

[root@localhost sysbench]# sysbench --test=memory --memory-block-size=8k --memory-total-size=1G run
sysbench 0.5:  multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Random number generator seed is 0 and will be ignored

Threads started!

Operations performed: 131072 (769179.70 ops/sec)

1024.00 MB transferred (6009.22 MB/sec)

General statistics:
    total time:                          0.1704s
    total number of events:              131072
    total time taken by event execution: 0.1387s
    response time:
         min:                                  0.00ms
         avg:                                  0.00ms
         max:                                  2.12ms
         approx.  95 percentile:               0.00ms

Threads fairness:
    events (avg/stddev):           131072.0000/0.00
    execution time (avg/stddev):   0.1387/0.00

相关参数

sysbench  --test=memory help
sysbench 0.5:  multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

memory options:
  --memory-block-size=SIZE    测试时内存块大小。默认是1K
  --memory-total-size=SIZE    传输数据的总大小。默认是100G
  --memory-scope=STRING       内存访问范围{global,local}。默认是global
  --memory-hugetlb=[on|off]   从HugeTLB池内存分配。默认是off
  --memory-oper=STRING        内存操作类型。{read, write, none} 默认是write
  --memory-access-mode=STRING 存储器存取方式{seq,rnd} 默认是seq　

六、互斥锁基准测试

[root@localhost sysbench]# sysbench --test=mutex --num-threads=100 --mutex-num=1000 --mutex-locks=100000 --mutex-loops=10000 run
sysbench 0.5:  multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 100
Random number generator seed is 0 and will be ignored

Threads started!

General statistics:
    total time:                          4.9822s
    total number of events:              100
    total time taken by event execution: 474.6478s
    response time:
         min:                               1601.28ms
         avg:                               4746.48ms
         max:                               4981.76ms
         approx.  95 percentile:            4973.56ms

Threads fairness:
    events (avg/stddev):           1.0000/0.00
    execution time (avg/stddev):   4.7465/0.40

相关参数

sysbench  --test=mutex help
sysbench 0.5:  multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

mutex options:

  --mutex-num=N      数组互斥的总大小。默认是4096
  --mutex-locks=N    每个线程互斥锁的数量。默认是50000
  --mutex-loops=N    内部互斥锁的空循环数量。默认是10000　

七、OLTP基准测试

完整过程分为3个阶段：prepare->run->cleanup，即分别为准备数据，测试，清理测试数据

[root@localhost sysbench]# sysbench --mysql-socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock  --oltp-table-size=100000 --test=sysbench/tests/db/oltp.lua --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=123456 --report-interval=5 --num-threads=100  --oltp_tables_count=10  --rand-type=uniform  --percentile=99 run
sysbench 0.5:  multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 100
Report intermediate results every 5 second(s)
Random number generator seed is 0 and will be ignored

Threads started!

[   5s] threads: 100, tps: 894.57, reads/s: 12790.38, writes/s: 3646.48, response time: 340.91ms (99%)
[  10s] threads: 100, tps: 973.20, reads/s: 13608.42, writes/s: 3860.61, response time: 238.96ms (99%)
OLTP test statistics:
    queries performed:
        read:                            140000
        write:                           40000
        other:                           20000
        total:                           200000
    transactions:                        10000  (932.07 per sec.)
    deadlocks:                           0      (0.00 per sec.)
    read/write requests:                 180000 (16777.18 per sec.)
    other operations:                    20000  (1864.13 per sec.)

General statistics:
    total time:                          10.7289s
    total number of events:              10000
    total time taken by event execution: 1067.3242s
    response time:
         min:                                  9.75ms
         avg:                                106.73ms
         max:                                450.30ms
         approx.  99 percentile:             284.52ms

Threads fairness:
    events (avg/stddev):           100.0000/4.15
    execution time (avg/stddev):   10.6732/0.05

相关参数

sysbench --test=oltp help
sysbench 0.5:  multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

oltp options:
  --oltp-test-mode=STRING    执行模式{simple,complex(advanced transactional),nontrx(non-transactional),sp}。默认是complex
  --oltp-reconnect-mode=STRING 重新连接模式{session(不使用重新连接。每个线程断开只在测试结束),transaction(在每次事务结束后重新连接),query(在每个SQL语句执行完重新连接),random(对于每个事务随机选择以上重新连接模式)}。默认是session
  --oltp-sp-name=STRING      存储过程的名称。默认为空
  --oltp-read-only=[on|off]  只读模式。Update，delete，insert语句不可执行。默认是off
  --oltp-skip-trx=[on|off]   省略begin/commit语句。默认是off
  --oltp-range-size=N        查询范围。默认是100
  --oltp-point-selects=N          number of point selects [10]
  --oltp-simple-ranges=N          number of simple ranges [1]
  --oltp-sum-ranges=N             number of sum ranges [1]
  --oltp-order-ranges=N           number of ordered ranges [1]
  --oltp-distinct-ranges=N        number of distinct ranges [1]
  --oltp-index-updates=N          number of index update [1]
  --oltp-non-index-updates=N      number of non-index updates [1]
  --oltp-nontrx-mode=STRING  查询类型对于非事务执行模式{select, update_key, update_nokey, insert, delete} [select]
  --oltp-auto-inc=[on|off]   AUTO_INCREMENT是否开启。默认是on
  --oltp-connect-delay=N     在多少微秒后连接数据库。默认是10000
  --oltp-user-delay-min=N    每个请求最短等待时间。单位是ms。默认是0
  --oltp-user-delay-max=N    每个请求最长等待时间。单位是ms。默认是0
  --oltp-table-name=STRING   测试时使用到的表名。默认是sbtest
  --oltp-table-size=N        测试表的记录数。默认是10000
  --oltp-dist-type=STRING    分布的随机数{uniform(均匀分布),Gaussian(高斯分布),special(空间分布)}。默认是special
  --oltp-dist-iter=N         产生数的迭代次数。默认是12
  --oltp-dist-pct=N          值的百分比被视为'special' (for special distribution)。默认是1
  --oltp-dist-res=N         ‘special’的百分比值。默认是75

General database options:
  --db-driver=STRING          指定数据库驱动程序('help' to get list of available drivers)
  --db-ps-mode=STRING         编制报表使用模式{auto, disable} [auto]
Compiled-in database drivers:
    mysql - MySQL driver
mysql options:
 --mysql-host=[LIST,...]       数据库地址
 --mysql-port=N                端口号，默认3306
 --mysql-user=STRING           用户名
 --mysql-password=STRING       密码
 --mysql-db=STRING             测试数据库名
 --mysql-table-engine=STRING   数据库存储引擎，默认innodb{myisam,innodb,bdb,heap,ndbcluster,federated}
 --mysql-socket=STRING         socket文件的位置
 --mysql-engine-trx=STRING     是否使用事务，与存储引擎选择有关，默认auto{yes,no,auto}
 --mysql-ssl=[on|off]          在客户端是否使用SSL连接，默认off
 --myisam-max-rows=N            MyISAM表最大行数，默认1000000
 --mysql-create-options=STRING additional options passed to CREATE TABLE []

参考地址

https://launchpad.net/sysbench

https://github.com/akopytov/sysbench