MySQL系列之七：主从复制(转)

一：实验环境

	IP	操作系统	mysql版本号
master	192.168.25.11	CentOS7	5.6.35
slave	192.168.25.10	win10	5.7.18

slave版本需要大于等于master，否则master上的一些操作slave不支持时，会导致数据不一致。

Linux下安装mysql，请参考文章：http://blog.csdn.net/lifetragedy/article/details/53333616

Windows下安装mysql，请参考文章：https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/0f5fb0991fef3c6d8334ea23.html

二：实验步骤

2.1：配置master

2.1.1：修改my.cnf文件

在mysql配置文件，默认路径 /etc/my.cnf 加入如下值：

注意：是加入，不是覆盖。

[mysqld]


server-id=1


log-bin=mysql-bin

含义分别为：

　【对mysql服务端】

　　指定唯一的servr ID

　　打开二进制日志

2.1.2 重启master

[root@CentOS7 local]# service mysql restart


Shutting down MySQL
..                                      [  OK  ]


Starting MySQL..   
                                        [  OK  ]

2.1.3 验证

–查看此时master状态：

[root@CentOS7 local]# mysql -u root -p


Enter password: 

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.


Your MySQL connection id is 1


Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)


Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its


affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective


owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.


mysql> show master status;


+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+


| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |


+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+


| mysql-bin.000001 |      120 |              |                  |                   |


+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+


1 row in set (0.00 sec)

表示：

二进制日志已开启。

2.2：配置slave

2.2.1：修改MySQL配置my.ini文件

在配置文件my.ini（Linux下为my.cnf）加入如下值：

[mysqld]


server-id=2


relay_log=mysql-relay-bin


read_only=1


# 如果此slave需要作为其他mysql的master，则需要把下边两行注释打开。


# log-bin=mysql-bin


# log_slave_updates=1

server_id 是必须的，也是唯一的，不能和master及其他slave一样。

relay_log 配置中继日志。

read_only 它防止改变数据(除了特殊的线程。

slave没有必要开启二进制日志，但是在一些情况下，必须设置。

例如，如果slave为其它slave的master，必须设置bin_log。在这里，我们开启了二进制日志log-bin，而且显式的命名mysql-bin，mysql会自动添加数字序号后缀.000001(默认名称为hostname.00000N，但是，如果hostname改变则会出现问题)。

log_slave_updates对于这个参数的解释，mySQL官方是如下解释的：当你的Master同时又是其它Master’的slaver 时，你需要设置此参数。

2.2.2 重启slave

[root@CentOS7 local]# service mysql restart

Shutting down MySQL....   
                                 [  OK  ]


Starting MySQL.      
                                      [  OK  ]

2.3：在master创建复制用户

订正：之前不小心多打了一个‘\’, 另外新版的MySQL对密码复杂度有要求，请自行设置.

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep_user' identified by '123456';


Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

2.4：slave连接master

2.4.1：记录二进制日志文件名称及Position

在master上：

mysql> show master status;


+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+


| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |


+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+


| mysql-bin.000001 |      322 |              |                  |                   |


+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+


1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2.4.2 连接master

在slave上执行：

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO


    -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.25.11',


    -> MASTER_USER='rep_user',


    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',


    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',


    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=322;


Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

2.4.3 启动slave复制

在slave上：

mysql> start slave;


Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

2.4.4 主从同步状态检查

在slave上：

mysql> show slave status \G;


*************************** 1. row ***************************


               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event


                  Master_Host: 192.168.25.11


                  Master_User: rep_user


                  Master_Port: 3306


                Connect_Retry: 60


              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001


          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 322


               Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002


                Relay_Log_Pos: 283


        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001


             Slave_IO_Running: Yes  //IO thread 开始工作


            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes  //SQL thread 开始工作


              Replicate_Do_DB: 


          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 


           Replicate_Do_Table: 


       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 


      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 


  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 


                   Last_Errno: 0


                   Last_Error: 

                 Skip_Counter: 0


          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 322


              Relay_Log_Space: 456


              Until_Condition: None


               Until_Log_File: 

                Until_Log_Pos: 0


           Master_SSL_Allowed: No


           Master_SSL_CA_File: 


           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 


              Master_SSL_Cert: 


            Master_SSL_Cipher: 


               Master_SSL_Key: 


        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0


Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No


                Last_IO_Errno: 0


                Last_IO_Error: 


               Last_SQL_Errno: 0


               Last_SQL_Error: 


  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 


             Master_Server_Id: 1


                  Master_UUID: 6b2de5b2-e4e5-11e4-b3d2-90b11c4b26eb


             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info


                    SQL_Delay: 0


          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL


      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it

           Master_Retry_Count: 86400


                  Master_Bind: 


      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 


     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 


               Master_SSL_Crl: 


           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 


           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 


            Executed_Gtid_Set: 


                Auto_Position: 0


1 row in set (0.00 sec)

其中Slave_IO_Running 与 Slave_SQL_Running 的值都必须为YES，才表明状态正常。

2.4.5 验证主从复制效果

1、在master机器上：

mysql> create database db1;


Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)


mysql> use db1;


Database changed


mysql> create table t_user(id int,name varchar(64), uuid varchar(64), lastime datetime);


Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


mysql> insert into t_user(id,name,uuid,lastime) values(1,'Moxiao',uuid(),now());


Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

2、在slave上查看test库中的数据：

mysql> show databases;




+--------------------+


| Database           |


+--------------------+


| db1                |


| information_schema |


| mysql              |

| performance_schema |


| test               |


+--------------------+


5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use db1;


Reading table information for completion of table and column names


You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A


Database changed

mysql> select * from t_user;


+------+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------+


| id   |  name |                  uuid                |       lastime      |


+------+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------+


|    1 | Moxiao|Ef399055-20c2-11e7-a5ef-000c293fed8e  |2017-04-14 12:35:18 |


+------+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------+


1 row in set (0.00 sec)

复制成功！