写简单游戏，学编程语言-python篇：大鱼吃小鱼
很常见的游戏之一，实现原理并不复杂，并且参考了几个相关的代码。这边主要还是以学习编程语言和学习编程思路为重点记录一下吧。最近时间有点吃紧，只能匆忙记录一下。用pygame做的大鱼吃小鱼的游戏截图如下：（有些鱼的图片背景没有做透明处理，这块确实需要点美工时间，只能先凑合了）。
下面的图片是网上随便找的素材，这里用于切换主角的图片有三张，其他则是其他小鱼和boss鱼。我们控制的主人鱼的大小范围来决定加载不同的图片。以上准备的素材，其中一些背景色没有时间做处理，所以游戏中会有难看的背景色，只能凑合着用。。。
一、玩法及逻辑相关：
控制你的鱼，有个初始大小，当碰到比你小的鱼的时候，你会吃掉它，并且会变大；遇到比你大的鱼，受到一点伤害，当总生命值为0时，失败游戏结束；当你控制的鱼大小增大最大时，游戏获胜。当鱼受到伤害时，有一段时间是无敌时间，且会闪烁。下面是主要的逻辑处理代码
flashIsOn=round(time.time(),1)*10%2==1
if not gameOverMode and not (invulnerableMode and flashIsOn):
playerobj['rect']=pygame.Rect((playerobj['x']-camerax,playerobj['y']
-cameray,playerobj['size'],playerobj['size']))
SCREEN.blit(playerobj['surface'],playerobj['rect'])
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elif event.type==KEYDOWN:
if event.key in (K_UP,K_w):
moveDown =False
moveUp = True
elif event.key in (K_DOWN,K_s):
moveDown =True
moveUp = False
elif event.key in (K_LEFT,K_a):
moveRight = False
moveLeft= True
if playerobj['facing']==RIGHT:
playerobj['surface']=playersurfaceset(playerobj['size'], True)
playerobj['facing']=LEFT
elif event.key in (K_RIGHT,K_d):
moveRight = True
moveLeft= False
if playerobj['facing']==LEFT:
playerobj['surface']=playersurfaceset(playerobj['size'], False)
playerobj['facing']=RIGHT
elif winMode and event.key == K_r:
return
elif event.type==KEYUP:
if event.key in (K_LEFT,K_a):
moveLeft=False
elif event.key in (K_RIGHT,K_d):
moveRight=False
elif event.key in (K_UP,K_w):
moveRight=False
elif event.key in (K_DOWN,K_s):
moveRight=False
if not gameOverMode:
if moveLeft:
playerobj['x']-=MOVESPEED
if moveRight:
playerobj['x']+=MOVESPEED
if moveUp:
playerobj['y']-=MOVESPEED
if moveDown:
playerobj['y']+=MOVESPEED
for i in range(len(fishobjs)-1,-1,-1):
obj=fishobjs[i]
if 'rect' in obj and playerobj['rect'].colliderect(obj['rect']):
if obj['width']*obj['height']<=playerobj['size']**2:
playerobj['size']+=int((obj['width']*obj['height'])**0.2)
del fishobjs[i]
if playerobj['face']== LEFT:
playerobj['surface']=playersurfaceset(playerobj['size'],True)
if playerobj['face']== RIGHT:
playerobj['surface']=playersurfaceset(playerobj['size'],False)
if playerobj['size']>WINSIZE:
winMode=True
elif not invulnerableMode:
invulnerableMode=True
invulnerableStartTime=time.time()
playerobj['health']-=1
if playerobj['health']==0:
gameOverMode =True
gameOverStartTime=time.time()
主人公的控制类似一般的处理，这边用flashIsonl来生成时间差（偶数值时间为真）playersurfaceset（）函数决定主人公的图片类型。
二、敌方鱼的生成处理
上篇做的敌方的处理会在当前视口随即出现，这个突兀感太强，鱼的出现也不能随机显示在当前视口，应该由摄像机视角之外生成才符合常理。并且当鱼离摄像区域太远的距离，需要删除掉鱼对象。
for i in range(len(fishobjs)-1,-1,-1):
if isOutsideArea(camerax,cameray,fishobjs[i]):
del fishobjs[i]
while len(fishobjs)<10:
fishobjs.append(makeNewfish(camerax,cameray))
def makeNewfish(camerax,cameray):
sq={}
generalSize=random.randint(5,25)
multiplier = random.randint(1,3)
sq['width'] = (generalSize +random.randint(0,10))*multiplier
sq['height']= (generalSize +random.randint(0,10))*multiplier
sq['x'],sq['y']=getRandomoffCameraPos(camerax,cameray,sq['width'],sq['height'])
sq['movx'] = getRandomVelcocity()
sq['movy'] = getRandomVelcocity()
if sq['movx']<0:
sq['surface']=surfaceset(sq['width'],sq['height'],True)
else:
sq['surface']=surfaceset(sq['width'],sq['height'],False)
return sq
三、跟随视角的处理
这个主要是跟随主人公视角的问题，计算出主人公的中心点距离摄像机中心点的距离，当距离偏大的时候，需要移动摄像机的位置，具体处理代码如下：
playerCenterx=playerobj['x']+int(playerobj['size']/2)
playerCentery=playerobj['y']+int(playerobj['size']/2)
if (camerax+HALF_WINWIDTH)-playerCenterx>CAMERASLACK:
camerax=playerCenterx+CAMERASLACK-HALF_WINWIDTH
elif playerCenterx-(camerax+HALF_WINWIDTH)>CAMERASLACK:
camerax=playerCenterx-CAMERASLACK-HALF_WINWIDTH
if (cameray+HALF_WINHEIGHT)-playerCentery>CAMERASLACK:
cameray=playerCentery+CAMERASLACK-HALF_WINHEIGHT
elif playerCentery-(camerax+HALF_WINHEIGHT)>CAMERASLACK:
cameray=playerCentery-CAMERASLACK-HALF_WINHEIGHT
大部分应该介绍的应该就这些了，只能说游戏这块水比较深，只能浅尝辄止一番，python做游戏只能简单玩玩，这块不是他的优势。有人感兴趣的话可以研究它，推荐一本不错的书《Making games with python $ pygame》,哎 只能说有巨人的肩膀上站真好。
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附全部源代码如下，比较粗陋，建议以书上源码学习为主：
import pygame,sys,time,random
from pygame.locals import *
WINWIDTH=640
WINHEIGHT=480
CAMERASLACK=70
lfish_img=[]
FISHSIZE=8
PLAYERSIZE=3
SCREEN=None
rfish_img=[]
lplayer_img=[]
rplayer_img=[]
backgroundimg=None
rboss_img=None
lboss_img=None
FPS=30
WHITE=[255,255,255]
MAXHEALTH=3
MINSPEED=3
MAXSPEED=9
MOVESPEED=7
HALF_WINWIDTH=int(WINWIDTH/2)
HALF_WINHEIGHT=int(WINHEIGHT/2)
WINSIZE=300
def main():
global FPSCLOCK,SCREEN,lfish_img,rfish_img,lplayer_img,rplayer_img,BASICFONT\
,rboss_img,lboss_img,backgroundimg
pygame.init()
FPSCLOCK=pygame.time.Clock()
SCREEN=pygame.display.set_mode((WINWIDTH,WINHEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("fish eat fish")
BASICFONT=pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf",32)
for i in range(FISHSIZE):
fishimg=pygame.image.load("Fish%s.bmp" % i)
fishimg.set_colorkey(WHITE)
lfish_img.append(fishimg)
rfishimg=pygame.transform.flip(fishimg,True,False) rfish_img.append(rfishimg)
for i in range(PLAYERSIZE):
playerimg=pygame.image.load("player%s.png" % i)
playerimg.set_colorkey(WHITE)
lplayer_img.append(playerimg)
rplayerimg=pygame.transform.flip(playerimg,True,False)
rplayerimg.set_colorkey(WHITE)
rplayer_img.append(rplayerimg)
bossimg=pygame.image.load("boss.png")
# bossimg.set_colorkey([0,0,0])
# SCREEN.blit(bossimg,(0,0))
lboss_img=bossimg
rbossimg=pygame.transform.flip(bossimg,True,False)
rboss_img=rbossimg backgroundimg=pygame.image.load("background.jpg") while True:
runGame()
def runGame():
invulnerableMode=False
invulnerableStartTime=0
gameOverMode=False
gameOverStartTime=0
winMode = False gameOverSurf=BASICFONT.render('Game Over',True,WHITE)
gameOverRect=gameOverSurf.get_rect()
gameOverRect.center=(HALF_WINWIDTH,HALF_WINHEIGHT) winSurf=BASICFONT.render('you succeed',True,WHITE)
winRect=winSurf.get_rect()
winRect.center=(HALF_WINWIDTH,HALF_WINHEIGHT) winSurf2=BASICFONT.render('you succeed',True,WHITE)
winRect2=winSurf2.get_rect()
winRect2.center=(HALF_WINWIDTH,HALF_WINHEIGHT+30) camerax=0
cameray=0
LEFT=0
RIGHT=1
fishobjs=[]
playerobj={'surface':pygame.transform.scale(lplayer_img[0],(25,25)),
'size':25,
'facing':LEFT,
'x':HALF_WINWIDTH,
'y':HALF_WINHEIGHT,
'health':MAXHEALTH}
moveLeft = False
moveRight = False
moveUp = False
moveDown = False while True:
if invulnerableMode and time.time() - invulnerableStartTime>2:
invulnerableMode =False
for sobj in fishobjs:
sobj['x']+=sobj['movx']
sobj['y']+=sobj['movy'] for i in range(len(fishobjs)-1,-1,-1):
if isOutsideArea(camerax,cameray,fishobjs[i]):
del fishobjs[i]
while len(fishobjs)<5:
fishobjs.append(makeNewfish(camerax,cameray))
playerCenterx=playerobj['x']+int(playerobj['size']/2)
playerCentery=playerobj['y']+int(playerobj['size']/2)
if (camerax+HALF_WINWIDTH)-playerCenterx>CAMERASLACK:
camerax=playerCenterx+CAMERASLACK-HALF_WINWIDTH
elif playerCenterx-(camerax+HALF_WINWIDTH)>CAMERASLACK:
camerax=playerCenterx-CAMERASLACK-HALF_WINWIDTH
if (cameray+HALF_WINHEIGHT)-playerCentery>CAMERASLACK:
cameray=playerCentery+CAMERASLACK-HALF_WINHEIGHT
elif playerCentery-(camerax+HALF_WINHEIGHT)>CAMERASLACK:
cameray=playerCentery-CAMERASLACK-HALF_WINHEIGHT
backrect=pygame.Rect((camerax-WINWIDTH,cameray-WINHEIGHT,WINWIDTH*3,WINHEIGHT*3))
newbackgroundimg=pygame.transform.scale(backgroundimg,(WINWIDTH*3,WINHEIGHT*3))
SCREEN.blit(newbackgroundimg,backrect) for obj in fishobjs:
obj['rect']=pygame.Rect((obj['x']-camerax,obj['y']-cameray,obj['width']
,obj['height']))
SCREEN.blit(obj['surface'],obj['rect']) flashIsOn=round(time.time(),1)*10%2==1
if not gameOverMode and not (invulnerableMode and flashIsOn):
playerobj['rect']=pygame.Rect((playerobj['x']-camerax,playerobj['y']
-cameray,playerobj['size'],playerobj['size']))
SCREEN.blit(playerobj['surface'],playerobj['rect'])
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elif event.type==KEYDOWN:
if event.key in (K_UP,K_w):
moveDown =False
moveUp = True
elif event.key in (K_DOWN,K_s):
moveDown =True
moveUp = False
elif event.key in (K_LEFT,K_a):
moveRight = False
moveLeft= True
if playerobj['facing']==RIGHT:
playerobj['surface']=playersurfaceset(playerobj['size'], True)
playerobj['facing']=LEFT
elif event.key in (K_RIGHT,K_d):
moveRight = True
moveLeft= False
if playerobj['facing']==LEFT:
playerobj['surface']=playersurfaceset(playerobj['size'], False)
playerobj['facing']=RIGHT
elif winMode and event.key == K_r:
return
elif event.type==KEYUP:
if event.key in (K_LEFT,K_a):
moveLeft=False
elif event.key in (K_RIGHT,K_d):
moveRight=False
elif event.key in (K_UP,K_w):
moveRight=False
elif event.key in (K_DOWN,K_s):
moveRight=False
if not gameOverMode:
if moveLeft:
playerobj['x']-=MOVESPEED
if moveRight:
playerobj['x']+=MOVESPEED
if moveUp:
playerobj['y']-=MOVESPEED
if moveDown:
playerobj['y']+=MOVESPEED
for i in range(len(fishobjs)-1,-1,-1):
obj=fishobjs[i]
if 'rect' in obj and playerobj['rect'].colliderect(obj['rect']):
if obj['width']*obj['height']<=playerobj['size']**2:
playerobj['size']+=int((obj['width']*obj['height'])**0.2)
del fishobjs[i]
if playerobj['face']== LEFT:
playerobj['surface']=playersurfaceset(playerobj['size'],True)
if playerobj['face']== RIGHT:
playerobj['surface']=playersurfaceset(playerobj['size'],False)
if playerobj['size']>WINSIZE:
winMode=True
elif not invulnerableMode:
invulnerableMode=True
invulnerableStartTime=time.time()
playerobj['health']-=1
if playerobj['health']==0:
gameOverMode =True
gameOverStartTime=time.time()
if winMode:
SCREEN.blit(winSurf,winRect)
SCREEN.blit(winSurf2,winRect2)
pygame.display.update()
FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
def isOutsideArea(camerax,cameray,fishobj):
boundsLeftEdge =camerax-WINWIDTH
boundsTopEdge=cameray-WINHEIGHT
boundsRect=pygame.Rect(boundsLeftEdge,boundsTopEdge,WINWIDTH*3,WINHEIGHT*3)
objRect=pygame.Rect(fishobj['x'],fishobj['y'],fishobj['width'],fishobj['height'])
return not boundsRect.colliderect(objRect)
def makeNewfish(camerax,cameray):
sq={}
generalSize=random.randint(5,25)
multiplier = random.randint(1,3)
sq['width'] = (generalSize +random.randint(0,10))*multiplier
sq['height']= (generalSize +random.randint(0,10))*multiplier
sq['x'],sq['y']=getRandomoffCameraPos(camerax,cameray,sq['width'],sq['height'])
sq['movx'] = getRandomVelcocity()
sq['movy'] = getRandomVelcocity()
if sq['movx']<0:
sq['surface']=surfaceset(sq['width'],sq['height'],True)
else:
sq['surface']=surfaceset(sq['width'],sq['height'],False)
return sq
def playersurfaceset(size,Face):
surface=None
if size<100:
if Face ==True:
surface= pygame.transform.scale(lplayer_img[0],(size,size))
else:
surface= pygame.transform.scale(rplayer_img[0],(size,size))
elif size<200 and size>=100:
if Face ==True:
surface= pygame.transform.scale(lplayer_img[1],(size,size))
else:
surface= pygame.transform.scale(rplayer_img[1],(size,size))
else:
if Face ==True:
surface= pygame.transform.scale(lplayer_img[2],(size,size))
else:
surface= pygame.transform.scale(rplayer_img[2],(size,size))
return surface
def surfaceset(width,height,Face):
surface=None
if width*height>200*200:
if Face == True:
surface= pygame.transform.scale(lboss_img,(width,height))
else:
surface= pygame.transform.scale(rboss_img,(width,height))
else:
index= int((width*height)%(FISHSIZE-1))
if Face == True:
surface= pygame.transform.scale(lfish_img[index],(width,height))
else:
surface= pygame.transform.scale(rfish_img[index],(width,height))
return surface
def getRandomVelcocity():
speed=random.randint(MINSPEED,MAXSPEED)
if random.randint(0,1):
return speed
else:
return -speed def getRandomoffCameraPos(camerax,cameray,objwidth,objheight):
cameraRect=pygame.Rect(camerax,cameray,WINWIDTH,WINHEIGHT)
while True:
x=random.randint(camerax-WINWIDTH,camerax+2*(WINWIDTH))
y=random.randint(camerax-WINHEIGHT,camerax+2*(WINHEIGHT))
objrect=pygame.Rect(x,y,objwidth,objheight)
if not objrect.colliderect(cameraRect):
return x,y
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
ps:最近越来越懒了，不知道当初订的每周至少写一篇随笔的目标能否坚持下去。另外鄙视下12306上刷票的黄牛，刷了一天没买到票，哎 不说了都是泪。
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