Oracle 手动建库

Oracle在创建实例的时候，多数采用的是dbca的形式。。其实手动建库可以提供更大的自由发挥的空间，根据情况进行定制

1. 登录Oracle用户

2. 指定SID（Instance Identifier）

    export ORACLE_SID=OCM
   

3. 确保必须的环境变量已经设置，大多数平台上 ORACLE_SID 和 ORACLE_HOME 必须设置

    export ORACLE_SID=OCM
    export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
   

4. 选择 DBA 的认证方式

    1. 密码文件： password file
    2. 操作系统认证
   

5. 在 ORACLE_HOME/dbs 下创建静态参数文件（Initialization Parameter File）也就是initSID文件（Sample Initialization Parameter File）
   
   提前把init文件中的文件夹建好

    替换<ORACLE_BASE>
    db_name='ORCL'
    memory_target=1G
    processes = 150
    audit_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/admin/orcl/adump'
    audit_trail ='db'
    db_block_size=8192
    db_domain=''
    db_recovery_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/flash_recovery_area'
    db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
    diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
    dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
    open_cursors=300
    remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
    undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
    control_files = (ora_control1, ora_control2)
    compatible ='11.2.0'
   

6. 连上实例（Instance）

    1. 密码文件：
    	$ sqlplus /nolog
    	SQL> CONNECT SYS AS SYSDBA
    	如果没有创建口令文件，随意数据密码均能连接
    2. 操作系统认证：
    	$ sqlplus /nolog
    	SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
   

7. 创建SPFILE

    SQL> CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE;
   

8. 启动实例到NOMOUNT

    SQL> startup nomount;
    ORACLE instance started.
   
    Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
    Fixed Size		    2235208 bytes
    Variable Size		  616563896 bytes
    Database Buffers	  444596224 bytes
    Redo Buffers		    5541888 bytes
   

9. 执行创建数据库的语句（提前建好文件夹）

   替换密码sys_password
   替换UNDO表空间的名称
   CREATE DATABASE ORCL
      USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password
      USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_password
      LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01a.log','/u02/logs/orcl/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
              GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02a.log','/u02/logs/orcl/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
              GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03a.log','/u02/logs/orcl/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
      MAXLOGFILES 5
      MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
      MAXLOGHISTORY 1
      MAXDATAFILES 100
      CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
      NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
      --或者NATIONAL CHARACTER SET UTF8
      --选用NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8会报错
      EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
      SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
      DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
         DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
         SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
      DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
         TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'
         SIZE 20M REUSE
      UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1
         DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf'
         SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
   

10. 创建数据字典视图

    用 SYSDBA 权限执行
    @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
    @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
    @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
    用 SYSTEM 用户执行
    @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
    

11. 至此数据库安装完毕

    查看数据库状态

    SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
    
    OPEN_MODE
    --------------------
    READ WRITE
    
    1 row selected.
    

    删除数据库

    SQL> startup nomount;
    ORACLE instance started.
    
    Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
    Fixed Size                  2235208 bytes
    Variable Size             620758200 bytes
    Database Buffers          440401920 bytes
    Redo Buffers                5541888 bytes
    SQL> alter database mount exclusive;
    
    Database altered.
    
    SQL> alter system enable restricted session;
    
    System altered.
    
    SQL> drop database;
    
    Database dropped.
    
    Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
    With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
    

通过DBCA创建数据库

1. 登录oracle用户

2. 输入 dbca 进行安装

    过程略
   

3. 打开闪回和归档。 闪回模式允许我们回到数据库的更早的时刻。

    sqlplus / as sysdba
    alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area' scope=spfile
    alter system set db_recovery_file_desc_size=2G
    SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
    STARTUP MOUNT;
    ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
    ALTER DATABASE FLASHBACK ON;
    ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
   

4. 检查设置

    sqlplus / as sysdba
    SELECT NAME, LOG_MODE, FLASHBACK_ON FROM V$DATABASE;
   

详细参考 oracle 官方文档 -> Oracle Database Administrator's Guide -> Creating and Configuring an Oracle Database ->Creating a Database with the CREATE DATABASE Statement