ansible开局配置-openEuler

ansible干啥用的就不多介绍了，这篇文章主要在说ansible的安装、开局配置、免密登录。

ansible安装

1. 查看系统版本

cat /etc/openEuler-latest

输出内容如下：

openeulerversion=openEuler-24.03-LTS

compiletime=2024-05-27-21-31-28

gccversion=12.3.1-30.oe2403

kernelversion=6.6.0-28.0.0.34.oe2403

openjdkversion=1.8.0.412.b08-5.oe2403

1. 清除软件库缓存

dnf clean all

1. 建议软件库缓存

dnf makecache

1. 安装epel-release软件仓
   1. 下载对应版本epel-release的软件仓库

# 不同系统版本需要安装不同的epel-release
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-testing.repo

2. 重新建立软件库索引

mv epel-testing.repo /etc/yum.repo.d/
dnf clean all
dnf makecache 

1. 安装ansible

dnf -y install ansible

等待安装完成即可

开局配置

1. 常用文件介绍

/etc/ansible/hosts ## 用于存放需要批量管理的主机IP或主机名称

/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg ## 该文件为ansible的主要配置文件

1. 添加主机到ansible

192.168.0.10    ansible_ssh_pass=主机密码        ansible_ssh_user=主机账号
192.168.0.11    ansible_ssh_pass=主机密码        ansible_ssh_user=主机账号
192.168.0.12    ansible_ssh_pass=主机密码       ansible_ssh_user=主机账号

ansible_ssh_pass：远程主机登录密码

ansible_ssh_user：远程主机登录账号

1. 远程执行ping命令，会发现执行报错

ansible all -m ping

输出内容如下：

192.168.0.10 | FAILED! => {

"msg": "Using a SSH password instead of a key is not possible because Host Key checking is enabled and sshpass does not support

this. Please add this host's fingerprint to your known_hosts file to

manage this host."

}

192.168.0.11 | FAILED! => {

"msg": "Using a SSH password instead of a key is not possible because Host Key checking is enabled and sshpass does not support

this. Please add this host's fingerprint to your known_hosts file to

manage this host."

}

192.168.0.12 | FAILED! => {

"msg": "Using a SSH password instead of a key is not possible because Host Key checking is enabled and sshpass does not support

this. Please add this host's fingerprint to your known_hosts file to

manage this host."

}

出现这个问题主要是因为ansible默认是没有开启账号密码登录的，默认采用证书登录，只需要在配置文件中把证书登录关闭就可以执行成功了。

进入/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg文件，将host_key_checking = False取消注释或者增加该内容即可

再次重新执行就不会有问题了，成功后输出内容如下

192.168.0.11 | SUCCESS => {

"ansible_facts": {

    "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"

},

"changed": false,

"ping": "pong"

}

192.168.0.10 | SUCCESS => {

"ansible_facts": {

    "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"

},

"changed": false,

"ping": "pong"

}

192.168.0.12 | SUCCESS => {

"ansible_facts": {

    "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"

},

"changed": false,

"ping": "pong"

}

配置免密登录

1. 生成密钥

ssh-keygen

一路回车即可，输出内容如下：

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

Enter same passphrase again:

Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa

Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

The key fingerprint is:

SHA256:+RGyyNnrIHOLllk+e2hpNyTmxjBZkMY5vvDmTGuEh5g root@ecs-5352

The key's randomart image is:

+---[RSA 3072]----+

| . o |

| B |

| o o . . |

| . ...+ + . |

| o = ++ S . |

|E o @ + .o . |

| Bo%o=. . |

| O=@++ |

| o.+o=.. |

+----[SHA256]-----+

1. 编写playbook脚本文件

- hosts: # 主机组
  remote_user: # 用户名
  tasks:
    - name: push ansible key
      authorized_key: user=root key="{{ lookup('file' ,'密钥存放位置')}}" state=present

示例：

- hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
    - name: push ansible key
      authorized_key: user=root key="{{ lookup('file' ,'/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub')}}" state=present

1. 执行playbook脚本文件

ansible-playbook push_key.yml

输出结果如下表示执行成功：

[root@ecs-5352 yml]# ansible-playbook push_key.yml

PLAY [all]

---

TASK [Gathering Facts]

---

ok: [192.168.0.10]

ok: [192.168.0.12]

ok: [192.168.0.11]

TASK [push ansible key]

---

changed: [192.168.0.10]

changed: [192.168.0.12]

changed: [192.168.0.11]

PLAY RECAP

---

192.168.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0

192.168.0.11 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0

192.168.0.12 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0

1. 测试是否可以免密
   1. 将ansible.cfg配置文件中的host_key_checking = False注释掉

2. 删除hosts文件主机后面的用户名和密码

3. 测试执行ping命令

ansible all -m ping

输出结果如下：

192.168.0.10 | SUCCESS => {

"ansible_facts": {

    "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"

},

"changed": false,

"ping": "pong"

}

192.168.0.12 | SUCCESS => {

"ansible_facts": {

    "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"

},

"changed": false,

"ping": "pong"

}

192.168.0.11 | SUCCESS => {

"ansible_facts": {

    "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"

},

"changed": false,

"ping": "pong"

}

1. 再次测试

直接在ansible主机上，使用ssh命令测试是否可以免密登录

ssh root@192.168.0.11

无需输入密码即可登录成功