prometheus（3）之grafan可视化展现
可视化UI界面Grafana的安装和配置
Grafana介绍
Grafana是一个跨平台的开源的度量分析和可视化工具，可以将采集的数据可视化的展示，并及时通知给告警接收方。它主要有以下六大特点：
1、展示方式：快速灵活的客户端图表，面板插件有许多不同方式的可视化指标和日志，官方库中具有丰富的仪表盘插件，比如热图、折线图、图表等多种展示方式；
2、数据源：Graphite，InfluxDB，OpenTSDB，Prometheus，Elasticsearch，CloudWatch和KairosDB等；
3、通知提醒：以可视方式定义最重要指标的警报规则，Grafana将不断计算并发送通知，在数据达到阈值时通过Slack、PagerDuty等获得通知；
4、混合展示：在同一图表中混合使用不同的数据源，可以基于每个查询指定数据源，甚至自定义数据源；
5、注释：使用来自不同数据源的丰富事件注释图表，将鼠标悬停在事件上会显示完整的事件元数据和标记。
安装Grafana
安装Grafana需要的镜像heapster-grafana-amd64_v5_0_4.tar.gz,把镜像上传到k8s的工作节点xianchaonode1上，手动解压：
[root@xianchaonode1 ~]# docker load -i heapster-grafana-amd64_v5_0_4.tar.gz
grafana.yaml文件在课件里，可上传到k8s的控制节点： 更新yaml文件：
[root@xianchaomaster1 prometheus]# kubectl apply -f grafana.yaml #查看grafana是否创建成功：
[root@xianchaomaster1 prometheus]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l task=monitoring 显示如下，说明部署成功
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
monitoring-grafana-675798bf47-cw9hr 1/1 Running 0 39s
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: monitoring-grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
task: monitoring
k8s-app: grafana
template:
metadata:
labels:
task: monitoring
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: monitoring-grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
task: monitoring
k8s-app: grafana
template:
metadata:
labels:
task: monitoring
k8s-app: grafana
spec:
containers:
- name: grafana
image: 172.17.166.217/kubenetes/heapster-grafana-amd64:v5.0.4
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
name: ca-certificates
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /var
name: grafana-storage
env:
- name: INFLUXDB_HOST
value: monitoring-influxdb
- name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT
value: "3000"
# The following env variables are required to make Grafana accessible via
# the kubernetes api-server proxy. On production clusters, we recommend
# removing these env variables, setup auth for grafana, and expose the grafana
# service using a LoadBalancer or a public IP.
- name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
value: "false"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
value: "true"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
value: Admin
- name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL
# If you're only using the API Server proxy, set this value instead:
# value: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy
value: /
volumes:
- name: ca-certificates
hostPath:
path: /etc/ssl/certs
- name: grafana-storage
emptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
# For use as a Cluster add-on (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons)
# If you are NOT using this as an addon, you should comment out this line.
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
kubernetes.io/name: monitoring-grafana
name: monitoring-grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
# In a production setup, we recommend accessing Grafana through an external Loadbalancer
# or through a public IP.
# type: LoadBalancer
# You could also use NodePort to expose the service at a randomly-generated port
# type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 3000
selector:
k8s-app: grafana
type: ClusterIP
grafana.yaml
Grafana界面接入Prometheus数据源
查看grafana前端的service
[root@xianchaomaster1]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system | grep grafana
显示如下：
monitoring-grafana NodePort 10.106.3.47 <none> 80:30858/TCP
1）登陆grafana，在浏览器访问
192.168.40.180:30858
可看到如下界面：
2）配置grafana界面：
开始配置grafana的web界面：
选择Create your first data source
出现如下
Name: Prometheus
Type: Prometheus
HTTP 处的URL写 如下：
http://prometheus.monitor-sa.svc:9090
配置好的整体页面如下：
点击左下角Save & Test，出现如下Data source is working，说明prometheus数据源成功的被grafana接入了
导入的监控模板，可在如下链接搜索
https://grafana.com/dashboards?dataSource=prometheus&search=kubernetes
可直接导入node_exporter.json监控模板，这个可以把node节点指标显示出来
node_exporter.json在课件里
可直接导入docker_rev1.json，显示容器资源指标的，docker_rev1.json在课件里
怎么导入监控模板，按如下步骤：
上面Save & Test测试没问题之后，就可以返回Grafana主页面
点击左侧+号下面的Import，出现如下界面
选择Upload json file，出现如下
选择一个本地的json文件，我们选择的是上面让大家下载的node_exporter.json这个文件，选择之后出现如下：
注：箭头标注的地方Name后面的名字是node_exporter.json定义的
Prometheus后面需要变成Prometheus，然后再点击Import，就可以出现如下界面：
{
"__inputs": [
{
"name": "DS_PROMETHEUS",
"label": "Prometheus",
"description": "",
"type": "datasource",
"pluginId": "prometheus",
"pluginName": "Prometheus"
}
],
"__requires": [
{
"type": "grafana",
"id": "grafana",
"name": "Grafana",
"version": "v5.0.4"
},
{
"type": "panel",
"id": "graph",
"name": "Graph",
"version": "5.0.0"
},
{
"type": "datasource",
"id": "prometheus",
"name": "Prometheus",
"version": "5.0.0"
},
{
"type": "panel",
"id": "singlestat",
"name": "Singlestat",
"version": "5.0.0"
},
{
"type": "panel",
"id": "table",
"name": "Table",
"version": "5.0.0"
},
{
"type": "panel",
"id": "text",
"name": "Text",
"version": "5.0.0"
}
],
"annotations": {
"list": [
{
"builtIn": 1,
"datasource": "-- Grafana --",
"enable": true,
"hide": true,
"iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
"name": "Annotations & Alerts",
"type": "dashboard"
}
]
},
"description": "使用 Node Exporter v0.16 0.17，精简优化重要指标展示。包含：CPU 内存 磁盘 IO 网络 温度等监控指标。https://github.com/starsliao/Prometheus",
"editable": true,
"gnetId": 8919,
"graphTooltip": 0,
"id": null,
"iteration": 1577635529131,
"links": [
{
"icon": "external link",
"tags": [],
"targetBlank": true,
"title": "更新node_exporter",
"tooltip": "",
"type": "link",
"url": "https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases"
},
{
"icon": "external link",
"tags": [],
"targetBlank": true,
"title": "更新仪表板",
"tooltip": "",
"type": "link",
"url": "https://grafana.com/dashboards/8919"
}
],
"panels": [
{
"content": "",
"editable": true,
"error": false,
"gridPos": {
"h": 1,
"w": 24,
"x": 0,
"y": 0
},
"id": 11,
"links": [],
"minSpan": 4,
"mode": "html",
"repeat": "node",
"repeatDirection": "h",
"style": {},
"title": "$node",
"type": "text"
},
{
"cacheTimeout": null,
"colorBackground": false,
"colorValue": false,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
"decimals": 1,
"description": "",
"format": "s",
"gauge": {
"maxValue": 100,
"minValue": 0,
"show": false,
"thresholdLabels": false,
"thresholdMarkers": true
},
"gridPos": {
"h": 5,
"w": 2,
"x": 0,
"y": 2
},
"hideTimeOverride": true,
"id": 15,
"interval": null,
"links": [],
"mappingType": 1,
"mappingTypes": [
{
"name": "value to text",
"value": 1
},
{
"name": "range to text",
"value": 2
}
],
"maxDataPoints": 100,
"nullPointMode": "null",
"nullText": null,
"postfix": "",
"postfixFontSize": "50%",
"prefix": "",
"prefixFontSize": "50%",
"rangeMaps": [
{
"from": "null",
"text": "N/A",
"to": "null"
}
],
"sparkline": {
"fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
"full": false,
"lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
"show": false
},
"tableColumn": "",
"targets": [
{
"expr": "time() - node_boot_time_seconds{instance=~\"$node\"}",
"format": "time_series",
"hide": false,
"instant": true,
"intervalFactor": 2,
"refId": "A",
"step": 40
}
],
"thresholds": "",
"title": "系统运行时间",
"transparent": false,
"type": "singlestat",
"valueFontSize": "100%",
"valueMaps": [
{
"op": "=",
"text": "N/A",
"value": "null"
}
],
"valueName": "current"
},
{
"cacheTimeout": null,
"colorBackground": false,
"colorValue": false,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
"decimals": null,
"description": "",
"format": "bytes",
"gauge": {
"maxValue": 100,
"minValue": 0,
"show": false,
"thresholdLabels": false,
"thresholdMarkers": true
},
"gridPos": {
"h": 5,
"w": 2,
"x": 2,
"y": 2
},
"id": 75,
"interval": null,
"links": [],
"mappingType": 1,
"mappingTypes": [
{
"name": "value to text",
"value": 1
},
{
"name": "range to text",
"value": 2
}
],
"maxDataPoints": 100,
"minSpan": 4,
"nullPointMode": "null",
"nullText": null,
"postfix": "",
"postfixFontSize": "70%",
"prefix": "",
"prefixFontSize": "50%",
"rangeMaps": [
{
"from": "null",
"text": "N/A",
"to": "null"
}
],
"sparkline": {
"fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
"full": false,
"lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
"show": false
},
"tableColumn": "",
"targets": [
{
"expr": "node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{instance=~\"$node\"}",
"format": "time_series",
"instant": true,
"intervalFactor": 1,
"legendFormat": "{{instance}}",
"refId": "A",
"step": 20
}
],
"thresholds": "",
"title": "内存总量",
"type": "singlestat",
"valueFontSize": "80%",
"valueMaps": [
{
"op": "=",
"text": "N/A",
"value": "null"
}
],
"valueName": "current"
},
{
"cacheTimeout": null,
"colorBackground": false,
"colorValue": true,
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
"decimals": 2,
"description": "",
"format": "percent",
"gauge": {
"maxValue": 100,
"minValue": 0,
"show": true,
"thresholdLabels": false,
"thresholdMarkers": true
},
"gridPos": {
"h": 5,
"w": 5,
"x": 4,
"y": 2
},
"id": 167,
"interval": null,
"links": [],
"mappingType": 1,
"mappingTypes": [
{
"name": "value to text",
"value": 1
},
{
"name": "range to text",
"value": 2
}
],
"maxDataPoints": 100,
"minSpan": 2,
"nullPointMode": "null",
"nullText": null,
"postfix": "",
"postfixFontSize": "50%",
"prefix": "",
"prefixFontSize": "50%",
"rangeMaps": [
{
"from": "null",
"text": "N/A",
"to": "null"
}
],
"sparkline": {
"fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
"full": false,
"lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
"show": true
},
"tableColumn": "",
"targets": [
{
"expr": "100 - (avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{instance=~\"$node\",mode=\"idle\"}[5m])) * 100)",
"format": "time_series",
"hide": false,
"interval": "",
"intervalFactor": 1,
"legendFormat": "",
"refId": "A",
"step": 20
}
],
"thresholds": "50,80",
"title": "CPU使用率（5m）",
"type": "singlestat",
"valueFontSize": "80%",
"valueMaps": [
{
"op": "=",
"text": "N/A",
"value": "null"
}
],
"valueName": "current"
},
{
"cacheTimeout": null,
"colorBackground": false,
"colorValue": true,
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
"decimals": 2,
"description": "",
"format": "percent",
"gauge": {
"maxValue": 100,
"minValue": 0,
"show": true,
"thresholdLabels": false,
"thresholdMarkers": true
},
"gridPos": {
"h": 5,
"w": 5,
"x": 9,
"y": 2
},
"id": 20,
"interval": null,
"links": [],
"mappingType": 1,
"mappingTypes": [
{
"name": "value to text",
"value": 1
},
{
"name": "range to text",
"value": 2
}
],
"maxDataPoints": 100,
"minSpan": 2,
"nullPointMode": "null",
"nullText": null,
"postfix": "",
"postfixFontSize": "50%",
"prefix": "",
"prefixFontSize": "50%",
"rangeMaps": [
{
"from": "null",
"text": "N/A",
"to": "null"
}
],
"sparkline": {
"fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
"full": false,
"lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
"show": true
},
"tableColumn": "",
"targets": [
{
"expr": "avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{instance=~\"$node\",mode=\"iowait\"}[5m])) * 100",
"format": "time_series",
"hide": false,
"interval": "",
"intervalFactor": 1,
"legendFormat": "",
"refId": "A",
"step": 20
}
],
"thresholds": "20,50",
"title": "CPU iowait（5m）",
"type": "singlestat",
"valueFontSize": "80%",
"valueMaps": [
{
"op": "=",
"text": "N/A",
"value": "null"
}
],
"valueName": "current"
},
{
"cacheTimeout": null,
"colorBackground": false,
"colorValue": true,
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
"decimals": 0,
"description": "",
"format": "percent",
"gauge": {
"maxValue": 100,
"minValue": 0,
"show": true,
"thresholdLabels": false,
"thresholdMarkers": true
},
"gridPos": {
"h": 5,
"w": 5,
"x": 14,
"y": 2
},
"hideTimeOverride": false,
"id": 172,
"interval": null,
"links": [],
"mappingType": 1,
"mappingTypes": [
{
"name": "value to text",
"value": 1
},
{
"name": "range to text",
"value": 2
}
],
"maxDataPoints": 100,
"minSpan": 4,
"nullPointMode": "null",
"nullText": null,
"postfix": "",
"postfixFontSize": "50%",
"prefix": "",
"prefixFontSize": "50%",
"rangeMaps": [
{
"from": "null",
"text": "N/A",
"to": "null"
}
],
"sparkline": {
"fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
"full": false,
"lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
"show": true
},
"tableColumn": "",
"targets": [
{
"expr": "(1 - (node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{instance=~\"$node\"} / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{instance=~\"$node\"})))* 100",
"format": "time_series",
"hide": false,
"interval": "10s",
"intervalFactor": 1,
"refId": "A",
"step": 20
}
],
"thresholds": "80,90",
"title": "内存使用率",
"type": "singlestat",
"valueFontSize": "80%",
"valueMaps": [],
"valueName": "current"
},
{
"cacheTimeout": null,
"colorBackground": false,
"colorPostfix": false,
"colorPrefix": false,
"colorValue": true,
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
"decimals": 2,
"description": "",
"format": "short",
"gauge": {
"maxValue": 10000,
"minValue": null,
"show": true,
"thresholdLabels": false,
"thresholdMarkers": true
},
"gridPos": {
"h": 5,
"w": 5,
"x": 19,
"y": 2
},
"hideTimeOverride": false,
"id": 16,
"interval": null,
"links": [],
"mappingType": 1,
"mappingTypes": [
{
"name": "value to text",
"value": 1
},
{
"name": "range to text",
"value": 2
}
],
"maxDataPoints": 100,
"minSpan": 4,
"nullPointMode": "null",
"nullText": null,
"postfix": "",
"postfixFontSize": "50%",
"prefix": "",
"prefixFontSize": "50%",
"rangeMaps": [
{
"from": "null",
"text": "N/A",
"to": "null"
}
],
"sparkline": {
"fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
"full": false,
"lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
"show": true
},
"tableColumn": "",
"targets": [
{
"expr": "node_filefd_allocated{instance=~\"$node\"}",
"format": "time_series",
"instant": false,
"interval": "10s",
"intervalFactor": 1,
"refId": "B"
}
],
"thresholds": "7000,9000",
"title": "当前打开的文件描述符",
"transparent": false,
"type": "singlestat",
"valueFontSize": "70%",
"valueMaps": [],
"valueName": "current"
},
{
"aliasColors": {
"15分钟": "#6ED0E0",
"1分钟": "#BF1B00",
"5分钟": "#CCA300"
},
"bars": false,
"dashLength": 10,
"dashes": false,
"datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
"editable": true,
"error": false,
"fill": 1,
"grid": {},
"gridPos": {
"h": 6,
"w": 11,
"x": 0,
"y": 7
},
"height": "300",
"id": 13,
"legend": {
"alignAsTable": true,
"avg": true,
"current": true,
"max": true,
"min": false,
"rightSide": true,
"show": true,
"total": false,
"values": true
},
"lines": true,
"linewidth": 2,
"links": [],
"minSpan": 4,
"nullPointMode": "null as zero",
"percentage": false,
"pointradius": 5,
"points": false,
"renderer": "flot",
"repeat": null,
"seriesOverrides": [],
"spaceLength": 10,
"stack": false,
"steppedLine": false,
"targets": [
{
"expr": "node_load1{instance=~\"$node\"}",
"format": "time_series",
"instant": false,
"interval": "10s",
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "1m",
"metric": "",
"refId": "A",
"step": 20,
"target": ""
},
{
"expr": "node_load5{instance=~\"$node\"}",
"format": "time_series",
"instant": false,
"interval": "10s",
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "5m",
"refId": "B",
"step": 20
},
{
"expr": "node_load15{instance=~\"$node\"}",
"format": "time_series",
"instant": false,
"interval": "10s",
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "15m",
"refId": "C",
"step": 20
}
],
"thresholds": [],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeRegions": [],
"timeShift": null,
"title": "系统平均负载",
"tooltip": {
"msResolution": false,
"shared": true,
"sort": 0,
"value_type": "cumulative"
},
"type": "graph",
"xaxis": {
"buckets": null,
"mode": "time",
"name": null,
"show": true,
"values": []
},
"yaxes": [
{
"format": "short",
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": null,
"show": true
},
{
"format": "short",
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": null,
"show": true
}
],
"yaxis": {
"align": false,
"alignLevel": null
}
},
{
"columns": [],
"datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
"fontSize": "120%",
"gridPos": {
"h": 6,
"w": 13,
"x": 11,
"y": 7
},
"id": 164,
"links": [],
"pageSize": null,
"scroll": true,
"showHeader": true,
"sort": {
"col": 11,
"desc": true
},
"styles": [
{
"alias": "Time",
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"pattern": "Time",
"type": "hidden"
},
{
"alias": "分区",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
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"sort": 1,
"tagValuesQuery": "",
"tags": [],
"tagsQuery": "",
"type": "query",
"useTags": false
},
{
"allValue": null,
"current": {},
"datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
"definition": "",
"hide": 2,
"includeAll": false,
"label": "",
"multi": false,
"name": "maxmount",
"options": [],
"query": "query_result(topk(1,sort_desc (max(node_filesystem_size_bytes{instance=~'$node',fstype=~\"ext4|xfs\"}) by (mountpoint))))",
"refresh": 1,
"regex": "/.*\\\"(.*)\\\".*/",
"skipUrlSync": false,
"sort": 0,
"tagValuesQuery": "",
"tags": [],
"tagsQuery": "",
"type": "query",
"useTags": false
}
]
},
"time": {
"from": "now-5m",
"to": "now"
},
"timepicker": {
"now": true,
"refresh_intervals": [
"5s",
"10s",
"30s",
"1m",
"5m",
"15m",
"30m",
"1h",
"2h",
"1d"
],
"time_options": [
"5m",
"15m",
"1h",
"6h",
"12h",
"24h",
"2d",
"7d",
"30d"
]
},
"timezone": "browser",
"title": "1 Node Exporter 0.16 0.17 for Prometheus 监控展示看板",
"uid": "9CWBz0bik",
"version": 11
}
node_exporter.json
导入docker_rev1.json监控模板，步骤和上面导入node_exporter.json步骤一样，导入之后显示如下：
扩展：如果Grafana导入Prometheusz之后，发现仪表盘没有数据，如何排查？
1、打开grafana界面，找到仪表盘对应无数据的图标
Edit之后出现如下：
node_cpu_seconds_total 就是grafana上采集的cpu的时间，需要到prometheus ui界面看看采集的指标是否是node_cpu_seconds_total
如果在prometheus ui界面输入node_cpu_seconds_total没有数据，那就看看是不是prometheus采集的数据是node_cpu_seconds_totals，怎么看呢？
###grafana展示的数据promQL调用的prometheus，可自己写。显示的名称可参照prometheus多维标签查询结果自定义。
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